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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 49

Question 480

A site-to-site VPN encrypts traffic from `10.10.0.0/16` to `10.20.0.0/16`, but a new `10.30.0.0/16` subnet fails while the original pair works. Which tunnel policy element should be checked?

  1. The traffic selectors or protected-prefix policy on both IPsec peers, along with routing.
  2. Only the original tunnel encryption key size, with no review of prefixes.
  3. The VLAN display name of the switch nearest the VPN gateway.
  4. The client’s DHCP DNS search suffix.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Policy-based IPsec protection applies to specified source and destination traffic selectors. If the new subnet is absent from the negotiated protected-prefix policy, its packets might not match the security association even though the original tunnel is healthy. Both peer definitions and network routes must agree before declaring the new traffic protected.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A working original prefix pair suggests the existing encryption can operate. The selective failure for a newly added subnet points to traffic selectors or routing scope.

C:

Renaming a VLAN does not extend IPsec selectors to a new source/destination network. The protected traffic policy must cover the subnet.

D:

A DNS suffix can change hostname resolution but not which IP prefixes are included in IPsec selectors. The issue concerns routed subnet protection.

Question 481

An IPsec administrator is asked whether a successful VPN negotiation automatically grants every remote user access to every internal server. What is the correct security interpretation?

  1. Network subnet masks no longer matter inside IPsec.
  2. A VPN establishes protected transport; authorization and segmentation policies must still restrict reachable resources.
  3. IPsec encryption itself authenticates every application user and assigns all roles.
  4. A valid VPN means all internal ACLs must be bypassed.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

IPsec protects selected packets while access control lists, identity policy and routes determine which destinations are reachable through the tunnel. A secure channel does not confer unlimited rights. Least-privilege authorization is particularly important for remote users and branch peers with different trust levels.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Traffic still routes using IP prefixes, and selectors often rely on subnet matching. Encryption does not remove addressing or reachability requirements.

C:

Peer/tunnel authentication does not automatically replace application identity or role authorization. Users and services still need appropriate permissions.

D:

Protected transport and access authorization are separate controls. Bypassing internal ACLs would enlarge exposure beyond the approved remote scope.

Question 482

An IPsec design uses an Internet gateway to protect entire original IP packets between two security gateways. Which mode is ordinarily associated with this encapsulation?

  1. DNS-over-HTTPS name resolution for all transit packets.
  2. IPsec transport mode that always creates a new outer site gateway IP header.
  3. 802.1Q access mode carrying the original IP packet unencrypted.
  4. IPsec tunnel mode.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

IPsec tunnel mode protects an inner IP packet and places it within an outer IP header for delivery between tunnel endpoints. It is common for site-to-site gateway connections where private source/destination addressing must traverse an intermediate provider. Transport mode instead protects higher-layer content while retaining the original IP header for routing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Encrypted DNS protects name queries but does not encapsulate and protect the full application IP packets between gateway sites.

B:

Transport mode generally retains the original IP header rather than encapsulating a full inner IP packet behind a new outer header. That difference distinguishes it from tunnel mode.

C:

VLAN access mode controls Ethernet tagging inside a LAN and does not provide a new cryptographic outer IP encapsulation over the Internet.

Question 483

An enterprise wants to prevent packets captured on an untrusted WAN from being read by an observer. Which VPN security goal is central?

  1. Confidentiality through appropriately negotiated IPsec encryption.
  2. Only SNMP interface counters collected at the edge.
  3. A larger IPv4 prefix on the internal LAN.
  4. OSI Layer 2 collision detection on both WAN links.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

IPsec encryption protects the content of selected IP traffic so intermediaries cannot read the protected payload without the negotiated keys. Integrity and origin authentication supply complementary protections. A VPN still requires correct routes, selectors and endpoint trust; encryption alone is not evidence that access policy is least privileged.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Counters can detect utilization or errors but do not prevent packet contents being read in transit. The goal requires encryption.

C:

Subnet size changes address grouping and route reachability, not the confidentiality of transmitted data. The WAN packets still need cryptographic protection.

D:

Collision detection is a local Ethernet access mechanism and does not encrypt IP payloads across an untrusted provider.

Question 484

Two branch routers must encrypt IP traffic between their entire internal subnets across an untrusted provider network without requiring each employee to establish a separate connection. Which VPN architecture fits?

  1. Plain HTTP between the two router management interfaces.
  2. A DNS split-horizon view as the only tunnel security.
  3. A separate remote-access VPN client on every internal printer and phone.
  4. A site-to-site IPsec VPN between the branch gateways.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Site-to-site IPsec can protect routed traffic between two site gateways using negotiated security associations and encryption/integrity transforms. Hosts continue using their normal gateways while the edge devices apply policy to the selected intersite prefixes. Remote-access VPN clients are designed around individual endpoint sessions instead.

Incorrect Answers

A:

HTTP is an application management protocol and provides no subnet-to-subnet VPN encryption. It cannot secure arbitrary routed site traffic.

B:

DNS answers can differ by client location but do not encrypt packets traversing a provider link. IPsec protects the routed traffic.

C:

Per-endpoint clients add unnecessary deployment complexity and may be unsupported on devices. The requirement expressly uses gateway-to-gateway subnet connectivity.

Question 485

A tunnel has IPsec confidentiality enabled, but administrators also want to detect altered packets during transport. Which property is important?

  1. A DNS CNAME record naming the IPsec peer.
  2. A VLAN tag that changes when the packet is modified.
  3. IPsec data-origin authentication and integrity protection appropriate to the security association.
  4. Only a route with administrative distance 1.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

IPsec security mechanisms can provide integrity and origin authentication so receivers detect tampering with protected packets. Encryption supplies confidentiality but does not remove the need to validate integrity under the negotiated suite. The precise algorithms and replay defenses must match the supported policy and peer configuration.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A DNS alias may help locate a peer but does not authenticate packet payloads or detect tampering. Cryptographic integrity is required.

B:

802.1Q tagging identifies VLAN membership and is not a cryptographic packet-integrity proof. It cannot detect adversarial changes end to end.

D:

Route preference chooses a next hop; it does not authenticate or validate the contents of a packet. IPsec integrity is a security function.

Question 486

A traveling employee uses a laptop on a hotel network and must securely access selected corporate resources without installing a branch VPN gateway. Which VPN role is suitable?

  1. An authenticated remote-access VPN client connection to the enterprise gateway.
  2. A local 802.1Q VLAN assigned on the laptop.
  3. Only WPA2 encryption on the hotel SSID.
  4. An unmanaged site-to-site tunnel for every hotel router.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Remote-access VPN creates an individually authenticated encrypted path from the user endpoint to an enterprise VPN service. It supports policies controlling which corporate networks the client can reach. Site-to-site gateways protect whole networks instead, while guest Wi-Fi encryption alone does not secure the untrusted onward Internet path.

Incorrect Answers

B:

VLAN tagging is a local Ethernet segmentation mechanism and does not create an encrypted path across the public Internet.

C:

Wi-Fi link encryption protects the local radio segment but does not by itself provide authenticated corporate access across the provider network. VPN protection remains necessary.

D:

The organization does not control arbitrary hotel gateway hardware. User-oriented remote-access VPN is the relevant deployment model.

Question 487

Two IPsec peers cannot establish a tunnel because their configured IKE authentication credentials do not match, although a ping test works. What should be investigated?

  1. The switch MAC address table at a remote site.
  2. Only the physical Ethernet duplex, because ping success proves an IKE match.
  3. The negotiated IKE peer authentication method and matching credentials/certificates.
  4. The guest WLAN SSID name.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

IKE establishes authenticated security associations before IPsec data protection can carry tunnel traffic. ICMP reachability does not prove that peers trust one another or agree on authentication material. Check the relevant PSK or certificate validation, proposals and permitted IKE transport before changing application routes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A remote Layer 2 forwarding table is not normally the source of IKE cryptographic peer identity mismatch. The tunnel negotiation needs matching security settings.

B:

ICMP success shows a usable IP path but not the correctness of VPN authentication credentials. The reported failure occurs during IKE negotiation.

D:

The local wireless network label does not determine IPsec IKE peer authentication across routed networks. Identity and crypto proposals matter.

Question 488

An engineer applies named extended ACL WEB-FILTER inbound on GigabitEthernet0/1 and notices packets entering a different interface are unaffected. What configuration scope explains this?

  1. A named ACL automatically filters every interface after its first application.
  2. An inbound ACL runs only on packets departing Gi0/1 toward the next router.
  3. The ACL applies only to packets whose source TCP port matches the router’s SSH service.
  4. The ACL is evaluated only for traffic entering Gi0/1 in that direction, unless also applied elsewhere.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

An interface ACL is bound to a specified interface and direction; it is not automatically a router-wide firewall rule. An inbound list inspects packets as they arrive on its configured interface before normal onward routing. Review the actual ingress paths and apply appropriately scoped policy where each relevant flow crosses the router.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An ACL definition can be reused, but the binding is interface-specific. A different ingress interface is not automatically covered by the first application.

B:

That describes the opposite direction. Inbound matches packets entering the router through the interface; outbound processing is configured separately.

C:

The ACL’s actual ACE predicates determine addresses, protocol and ports, not a universal SSH-only default. The issue is where the list was attached.

Question 489

An extended ACL is applied `out` on an IOS router interface facing a remote WAN. A packet enters from the trusted LAN, is routed, then leaves through that WAN interface. At which point does the outbound ACL evaluate it?

  1. At the host’s source interface before it reaches the router, because `out` means traffic leaving the PC.
  2. On every interface in both directions as soon as the ACL is created in the configuration.
  3. Only after the packet reaches the remote destination server and returns a response.
  4. On the WAN-facing egress interface as the packet is being forwarded out, after the relevant route selection.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Cisco interface ACL direction is relative to the selected router interface. An outbound ACL evaluates eligible transit packets on the interface they are leaving, not on their original source LAN ingress. This distinction determines whether the security filter sees a particular path, and a packet routed through another egress interface would not match this attachment.

Incorrect Answers

A:

ACL direction is defined from the router interface perspective, not the user endpoint. The WAN output ACL is evaluated where the router sends the packet.

B:

Defining an ACL does not attach it globally to all paths. It must be applied with the intended interface and direction to evaluate traffic.

C:

The outbound ACL filters the packet at the local egress point before WAN transmission. It does not wait for application acknowledgement.

Question 490

A router security policy must permit only TCP destination 443 from source subnet 10.1.10.0/24 to server 192.0.2.50, while blocking other protocols to that server. Which IOS ACL type can express these conditions?

  1. An extended IPv4 ACL matching source, destination, protocol and destination port.
  2. A standard IPv4 ACL matching only source 10.1.10.0/24.
  3. A static default route toward 192.0.2.50.
  4. An 802.1Q trunk allowed VLAN list.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Extended ACLs can test IPv4 source and destination addresses, protocol and supported transport-port criteria. That precision allows an HTTPS exception without permitting other server traffic. A standard ACL ordinarily only filters by source address, so it cannot express both the destination and TCP port conditions in the scenario.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A source-only standard ACL cannot distinguish port 443 to the named server from other services using the same source network. It is too broad for this precise requirement.

C:

Routing selects a path and does not enforce protocol/port access conditions. It cannot replace the stated packet filter.

D:

VLAN filtering decides which tagged Layer 2 domains traverse a trunk, not TCP port access to one IPv4 destination. An extended ACL is needed.