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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 47

Question 460

A restricted data center stores spare network devices. A technician proposes leaving the rack door unlocked because the equipment already has administrator passwords. What control is still necessary?

  1. Enforce physical security of racks, ports and removable media in addition to logical passwords.
  2. Configure an OSPF passive interface on every rack door.
  3. Disable every DNS query from the data center.
  4. Rely on administrative passwords as a complete physical barrier.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Physical possession can allow tampering, theft, hardware replacement or console access even when the device has management credentials. Locked racks and controlled access reduce that attack surface. Defense in depth uses both physical and logical controls rather than assuming one control removes all others.

Incorrect Answers

B:

OSPF passive interfaces are routing configuration elements, not sensors or locks controlling room and rack entry.

C:

DNS filtering does not prevent a person with physical access from taking or damaging network devices. The risk is at the premises.

D:

Passwords protect selected logical operations but do not prevent theft or manipulation of exposed hardware. Physical access remains an independent security requirement.

Question 461

A secure network room must be accessible only to authorized technicians, with visitor entries logged and equipment protected from unauthorized physical contact. What control category applies?

  1. Physical access controls such as badges, locks, visitor logs and surveillance.
  2. Only changing the Wi-Fi SSID name.
  3. Only an OSPF area authentication password.
  4. Only a remote SSH ACL on the switch.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Physical access restrictions limit who can reach consoles, switches, cabling and infrastructure racks. Badge readers and visitor logs help enforce and audit authorized entry. They complement logical network controls but cannot be replaced by an IP ACL if the attacker can physically manipulate or steal equipment.

Incorrect Answers

B:

SSID naming has no physical door-control function. It does not record visitors or prevent access to devices and cabling.

C:

OSPF authentication can protect routing adjacencies but does not enforce who enters a secured wiring closet. The risk is physical.

D:

An SSH ACL limits network management sources but does not stop someone from entering the room and accessing physical ports or equipment.

Question 462

A new-hire program requires users to pass a short security policy assessment before receiving production access. Which operational objective is served?

  1. Automatically grant every trainee subscription Owner on completion.
  2. Confirm baseline security understanding and acceptable-use responsibilities during onboarding.
  3. Assign all trainees one shared device password.
  4. Turn off endpoint security because users completed training.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

New-hire training and comprehension checks establish the organization’s expectations for passwords, sensitive data and incident reporting before accounts gain access. This reduces human-origin risk and creates an auditable training record. The assessment is a program control rather than a substitute for per-user identity authorization.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Training completion does not imply an employee requires unrestricted Azure resource privileges. Least-privilege authorization remains separate.

C:

Shared credentials weaken accountability and do not demonstrate individualized security understanding. The program should not compromise identity management.

D:

Awareness does not eliminate software vulnerabilities or the need for protective controls. Technical defenses remain required.

Question 463

An organization’s access policy requires reporting lost laptops and immediately revoking their network credentials. Which security program practice makes this effective?

  1. Only increasing switch interface bandwidth.
  2. A documented incident-reporting procedure taught to users with accountable response ownership.
  3. A larger default VLAN that includes every laptop.
  4. Disable monitoring logs during loss investigations.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Employees need to know how to report a lost endpoint quickly, and security operators need a defined workflow for disabling affected credentials and evaluating exposure. A practiced reporting process reduces response delay. Device encryption and remote access control are complementary technical protections, not replacements for human notification.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Throughput has no relationship to lost-device reporting and credential revocation. The requirement is incident-response coordination.

C:

A broader VLAN does not create a process for identifying or reporting lost equipment and can enlarge unauthorized access exposure.

D:

Removing logs makes incident reconstruction harder and does not accelerate user reporting. Audit evidence should be protected and available.

Question 464

A branch router uses AAA for remote administrators, and the normal TACACS+ server may be unreachable during an outage. The organization requires centrally authenticated access during normal operation and a tightly governed local fallback only if the server does not respond. Which design is appropriate?

  1. Configure an approved AAA login method list with TACACS+ first and local fallback on server unavailability, then test both paths.
  2. Disable AAA and configure a single permanent VTY line password for every operator.
  3. Configure `login local` everywhere and retain TACACS+ only as an unused reference in the running configuration.
  4. Permit unauthenticated Telnet during server outages so the team can regain control quickly.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

An IOS AAA method list can try the centralized TACACS+ method and use the local database when a server is unavailable. The order and fallback conditions matter: a valid server denial should not silently become an unrestricted local login. Apply the correct method list to the intended VTY lines and test both normal and outage conditions.

Incorrect Answers

B:

That abandons centralized individual identity and accounting for normal remote access. A shared line password also makes it difficult to attribute actions, and it is not an appropriately controlled fallback method list.

C:

Local-only authentication can work for an isolated device but does not actually attempt the operational TACACS+ service first. The stated policy requires centralized authentication with fallback only under defined availability conditions.

D:

Telnet exposes credentials on the network and bypasses the required individual authentication method. Server unavailability does not justify replacing controlled SSH and AAA with plaintext remote access.

Question 465

A Cisco IOS router is configured with a local login username but the VTY lines are set to `login` instead of `login local`. Remote SSH authentication does not use the local username database as intended. What should be adjusted?

  1. Use `login local` on the relevant VTY lines, with authorized local user credentials.
  2. Set the device VLAN ID to match the username.
  3. Replace `login local` with `no login` to require stronger credentials.
  4. Set `transport input telnet` to force the local username mechanism.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

`login local` directs line authentication to the device’s local username database when that login model is intended. Ordinary `login` can refer to a line password rather than the configured local users. Verify transport restrictions and SSH server setup separately; authentication source selection is distinct from the encryption of the SSH session.

Incorrect Answers

B:

VLAN IDs affect Layer 2 segmentation, not whether IOS VTY authentication checks local usernames. The failure is in line login configuration.

C:

`no login` removes the usual line login requirement in some contexts instead of enforcing user authentication. It would weaken access control rather than consult the local database.

D:

Telnet changes remote transport and lacks built-in encryption; it does not automatically select local user authentication. The line login directive is the relevant setting.

Question 466

An IOS switch accepts locally configured SSH usernames, but operations now requires a centralized AAA method list named NETOPS applied ONLY to the VTY lines, preserving a local break-glass fallback. What is the key configuration distinction?

  1. Use only `login local` on VTY and assume it always tries the TACACS+ server first.
  2. Set `transport input telnet` so TACACS+ can authenticate administrators before SSH.
  3. Put the AAA list on an access-port VLAN command so VTY sessions automatically inherit it.
  4. Apply an explicit `login authentication NETOPS` method list to the VTY lines, with a reviewed server-group and local fallback sequence.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

When IOS AAA is enabled, named method lists select how authentication is attempted on the lines to which they are applied. An explicit named list lets operations require a central server and controlled fallback without replacing every line’s configuration with simple `login local`. The actual server-unreachable versus explicit-reject behavior must be validated before adopting a fallback policy.

Incorrect Answers

A:

`login local` uses the local user database and does not by itself invoke a named central AAA method-list chain. The explicit method list is the requested control.

B:

Enabling Telnet changes remote transport security and can expose credentials. AAA authentication method selection does not require opening an insecure transport.

C:

A Layer 2 VLAN setting does not attach a console/VTY AAA method list. The intended line must reference the appropriate method list.

Question 467

A remote administrator is able to SSH into an IOS router as a low-privilege local user, but should reach privileged EXEC only after a separate authorized secret challenge. The site does not want all remote accounts to default to privilege level 15. What should the administrator configure?

  1. Give every local user `privilege 15` so no enable authentication can occur.
  2. Replace SSH with Telnet because Telnet automatically prompts for the enable secret.
  3. Remove the local usernames and rely entirely on the line password for console and VTY access.
  4. Keep ordinary local users at limited privilege and configure a strong `enable secret` for protected elevation to privileged EXEC.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

User EXEC and privileged EXEC are distinct IOS access levels. A locally authenticated administrator with limited privilege can be required to enter the approved enable secret before performing privileged commands. This avoids granting every login full configuration authority by default and provides a separate control over elevated operations.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Privilege level 15 typically admits the session directly to privileged EXEC, removing the independent elevation requirement. It also expands authority beyond the site’s explicitly limited ordinary remote-account policy.

B:

Transport encryption and elevation are separate issues. Telnet is not required for privilege transitions and would expose management authentication to interception on the network.

C:

A shared line password does not provide the stated individual operator login model. It also fails to preserve a distinct privileged elevation step with properly scoped administrator identities.

Question 468

An operator needs to verify whether an interface can accept only approved source MAC addresses as part of local edge device security. Which switch capability should be examined?

  1. The router NAT global pool size as the endpoint limit.
  2. Port security with learned/sticky/static secure MAC limits and a configured violation action.
  3. Only the switch default route and IP gateway.
  4. The WLC SSID name as a wired MAC authorization database.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Cisco port security can constrain the source hardware addresses accepted on a switchport and take an action when an unauthorized or excess MAC appears. It helps reduce accidental or unauthorized access from connected devices, subject to the deployment and spoofing caveats. Verify the secure-MAC count and violation mode to avoid disrupting legitimate phone-plus-PC setups.

Incorrect Answers

A:

NAT pools allocate global translation addresses, not allowed LAN source MAC identities. A pool size does not prevent unauthorized Ethernet hosts from connecting.

C:

Routing decides where off-subnet packets go, not which source MAC addresses an access port admits. Port-level filtering is the missing control.

D:

Wireless SSID labeling is unrelated to wired switchport secure-MAC tables. Wired port security is configured on the actual Ethernet interface.

Question 469

A security review finds that an IOS router stores several `password` commands in reversible type-7 form after `service password-encryption` was enabled. An operator claims this protects administrator credentials as strongly as `secret` hashing. What is the accurate corrective advice?

  1. Keep type-7 credentials because reversibility proves the switch can enforce multifactor login.
  2. Turn on CDP to encrypt the configuration file containing VTY credentials.
  3. Use the identical shared password on every device but hide it with `service password-encryption`.
  4. Use supported `secret`-based credentials and appropriate AAA or local authentication; do not treat type-7 obfuscation as secure hashing.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

IOS type-7 encoding is reversible obfuscation rather than robust protection of a stored credential. Supported `secret` forms provide a stronger one-way password representation for privileged or user authentication, subject to platform algorithm support. The remediation should also restrict configuration access and rotate exposed credentials because changing their displayed form does not undo prior exposure.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Reversible encoding says nothing about a second authentication factor or the strength of identity checks. The scenario concerns storage protection of passwords, not the number of factors provided to an administrator.

B:

CDP exchanges neighbor-discovery information and does not encrypt locally stored configuration secrets. Enabling a discovery protocol can expose more infrastructure metadata without addressing the weak password representation.

C:

Reusing a secret increases the blast radius of one compromise and type-7 obfuscation remains reversible. Separate approved credentials or centrally governed AAA better support rotation and accountability.

Question 470

A new IOS router is on a secured bench. Administrators need an encrypted local privileged EXEC secret so unauthorized console users cannot enter configuration mode. Which command is appropriate?

  1. Use `enable password` as the preferred stronger credential storage mechanism.
  2. Configure an `enable secret` with a strong unique credential and secure access controls.
  3. Set `hostname` to the password string.
  4. Configure a new default IP route as the administrator password.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

`enable secret` protects privileged EXEC access using a stronger stored representation than legacy plain enable passwords. It should be paired with appropriate console/VTY login controls and protected configuration backups. The command does not replace centralized AAA or SSH on remote links, but it establishes the requested local privilege boundary.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Legacy enable password handling is less secure than enable secret and can be exposed through weaker storage modes. The scenario asks for an encrypted privileged credential.

C:

The hostname changes device identification and CLI prompt text, not privileged EXEC authentication. Placing secrets into labels could disclose them.

D:

A route controls packet forwarding and contains no authentication policy. It cannot restrict console entry to privileged configuration commands.