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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 50

Question 490

A router security policy must permit only TCP destination 443 from source subnet 10.1.10.0/24 to server 192.0.2.50, while blocking other protocols to that server. Which IOS ACL type can express these conditions?

  1. An extended IPv4 ACL matching source, destination, protocol and destination port.
  2. A standard IPv4 ACL matching only source 10.1.10.0/24.
  3. A static default route toward 192.0.2.50.
  4. An 802.1Q trunk allowed VLAN list.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Extended ACLs can test IPv4 source and destination addresses, protocol and supported transport-port criteria. That precision allows an HTTPS exception without permitting other server traffic. A standard ACL ordinarily only filters by source address, so it cannot express both the destination and TCP port conditions in the scenario.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A source-only standard ACL cannot distinguish port 443 to the named server from other services using the same source network. It is too broad for this precise requirement.

C:

Routing selects a path and does not enforce protocol/port access conditions. It cannot replace the stated packet filter.

D:

VLAN filtering decides which tagged Layer 2 domains traverse a trunk, not TCP port access to one IPv4 destination. An extended ACL is needed.

Question 491

An extended ACL applied inbound on a branch LAN interface contains line 10 `permit tcp 192.168.124.0 0.0.3.255 host 203.0.113.5 eq 443` and an implicit deny. A client 192.168.127.254 needs HTTPS to that server. Is this client in the permitted source set?

  1. Yes; 192.168.127.254 is within the 192.168.124.0/22 block matched by wildcard 0.0.3.255.
  2. No; the wildcard 0.0.3.255 matches only the exact 192.168.124.0 network identifier.
  3. No; only a source at 192.168.124.1 can be permitted by the ACE.
  4. Yes, even if the packet uses UDP/443 and a different server address.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The wildcard allows the final two bits of the third octet to vary, covering networks 192.168.124.x through 192.168.127.x. The client at 127.254 falls inside that range and matches the specified TCP/443 destination when the ACL is applied in the stated direction. Address and transport conditions must both match for the permit to apply.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Wildcard ones mark bits that may vary, not bits that must stay fixed. The third octet can be 124,125,126 or 127 here.

C:

The ACE describes an entire /22 block rather than one source host. The client is part of its allowed source range.

D:

The ACE explicitly requires TCP and a specific destination host. Being in the source subnet alone does not permit arbitrary protocol and destination combinations.

Question 492

A security team writes an IOS extended ACL that must deny Telnet to management host 192.0.2.10 but permit SSH to the same host from approved admin subnet 10.8.8.0/24. Which approach correctly differentiates the traffic?

  1. Use a standard ACL matching only the management host’s destination TCP port.
  2. Deny all IP traffic to the management host at sequence 10, then permit the intended SSH at sequence 20.
  3. Permit UDP 22 because SSH is ordinarily a UDP management protocol.
  4. Create protocol/port-specific ACEs matching TCP 23 for Telnet and TCP 22 for permitted SSH with appropriate source and destination predicates.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Extended ACLs can match IP source, destination, transport protocol and destination port. Denying TCP 23 does not inherently deny TCP 22, and the permitted SSH ACE can be scoped to the admin subnet. Order entries so the permitted traffic is evaluated as intended before any broader deny, and verify the correct interface direction.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Standard IPv4 ACLs primarily match source addresses, not the full source/destination TCP-port combination needed here. Extended rules supply the service-level differentiation.

B:

First-match processing stops at the broad deny, so the later SSH permit is never reached. A narrow Telnet block and correctly ordered SSH allowance preserve required access.

C:

Ordinary SSH connections use TCP destination port 22. A UDP port rule would not match the required TCP management session.

Question 493

A Cisco extended ACL currently permits HTTPS to a finance web server, but packet captures show the server also accepts SSH from unauthorized desktops. Which security change narrows management access without breaking normal HTTPS?

  1. Deny the entire finance server IPv4 address ahead of all HTTPS permits.
  2. Enable STP BPDU Guard on the server’s switchport as the only SSH authorization control.
  3. Replace the web server IP with an IPv4 multicast address so SSH cannot reach it.
  4. Add appropriately ordered extended ACEs that restrict TCP 22 to approved administrator sources while retaining TCP 443 web access.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

TCP 22 and TCP 443 identify different transport services. An extended ACL can match the destination host and port together with the source subnet, allowing authorized management but preserving required web traffic. Verify ACE order, the interface direction and a test for unauthorized SSH attempts after applying the policy.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A broad IP deny would also reject legitimate web requests to the host. Port- and source-specific rules are needed to distinguish management from application access.

B:

BPDU Guard protects a Layer 2 edge port from unexpected spanning-tree control frames, not unauthorized TCP management sessions. SSH traffic requires a Layer 3/4 access policy.

C:

Multicast addressing is not a substitute for a unicast application host and would disrupt normal HTTPS. Proper ACL source and destination service matching is the correct mechanism.

Question 494

An IOS named ACL has line 10 `permit ip any any` followed by line 20 `deny tcp any host 192.0.2.45 eq 23`. Telnet still reaches that server. Why does the deny fail?

  1. The protocol `ip` excludes TCP Telnet and should skip that packet.
  2. Telnet uses TCP destination 443 and the deny should target HTTPS instead.
  3. The broad line-10 permit matches the Telnet packet first, so the later deny is never examined.
  4. Named ACLs run from highest to lowest sequence number, so line 20 is evaluated before line 10.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Cisco ACLs process ACEs in order and stop at the first complete match. A `permit ip any any` matches ordinary IPv4 TCP Telnet packets, making a subsequent narrower deny unreachable for that traffic. Move or insert the intended Telnet denial before a broader fallback permit, then verify the operational sequence.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The IP protocol match includes TCP traffic encapsulated in IPv4. It is broader than a TCP-only condition, so line 10 does match the session.

B:

Telnet normally uses TCP port 23; TCP 443 is used for HTTPS. The port in the later rule is correct, but its position makes it ineffective.

D:

IOS named ACL sequence order normally runs from lower to higher sequence number. The earlier broad permit defeats the later service-specific restriction.

Question 495

A router’s interface ACL contains only an ACE `permit tcp host 10.1.2.3 host 192.0.2.25 eq 443`. A DNS query from the same source to a separate DNS server times out. Which default ACL behavior explains that if the query traverses the interface?

  1. The TCP 443 permit also covers all UDP DNS queries from the same source host.
  2. Any unmatched packet is permitted because IOS ACLs end with an implicit allow.
  3. An implicit final deny drops unmatched traffic, including the DNS query, because no ACE permits it.
  4. DNS is exempt from interface ACL evaluation because it is a name-resolution service.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

An ACL that contains a single TCP 443 permit does not automatically allow other protocols and destinations. A DNS query commonly uses UDP destination 53 and fails the only explicit match, so implicit deny is applied. Add a deliberately scoped DNS allowance only if the security policy authorizes that traffic.

Incorrect Answers

A:

TCP and UDP are different transport protocols and the destination service also differs. A matching source alone is not enough to satisfy an extended ACL ACE.

B:

The ordinary implicit action is deny after evaluating all ACEs without a match. An explicit, policy-appropriate permit is required for DNS.

D:

DNS packets are still IP traffic subject to appropriately applied interface policies. The router does not automatically bypass an ACL on the basis of application protocol.

Question 496

A network engineer adds many entries to a named IPv4 ACL and wants to document why one group of denies exists, without affecting which packets match. Which supported ACE-adjacent statement is designed for that purpose?

  1. Use an ACL `remark` line to document the intent while keeping the permit/deny logic unchanged.
  2. Add `permit ip any any` ahead of the denies as an explanatory comment.
  3. Change the native VLAN number to the text of the desired comment.
  4. Use an OSPF network statement whose wildcard contains the description.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Cisco IPv4 ACL configuration supports `remark` entries for human-readable documentation. A remark is not itself a packet-filtering permit or deny statement, so it can explain the reason for an adjacent rule without changing the rule’s match predicates. Confirm that actual ACE sequence and order still enforce the approved policy.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A permit is executable access-control logic, not a comment. Placing a broad permit first could bypass the subsequent security denies for all matching IPv4 packets.

C:

Native VLAN IDs are numeric Ethernet trunk settings and do not annotate an ACL. A VLAN change can alter forwarding without documenting security intent.

D:

OSPF selects participating routed interfaces and cannot serve as a comment on an IPv4 ACL. Protocol configuration should remain separate from access-control documentation.

Question 497

An extended ACL must permit TCP from source subnet 192.168.124.0/22 to an authorized HTTPS server. What source wildcard mask, interpreted against network address 192.168.124.0, matches the ENTIRE specified source subnet?

  1. 0.0.3.255
  2. 0.0.0.0
  3. 255.255.252.0
  4. 0.0.255.255

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

An IOS ACL wildcard mask is the inverse of the conventional subnet mask. The /22 source has mask 255.255.252.0, so its inverse wildcard is 0.0.3.255. This lets the host bits vary while requiring all source network bits to match 192.168.124.0; the TCP protocol, destination and destination port remain separate ACE matching fields.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Wildcard 0.0.0.0 pins EVERY address bit to the single ACE source address 192.168.124.0. It is suitable for one exact host match, not for permitting all devices in the requested /22 subnet.

C:

255.255.252.0 is the IPv4 netmask itself, not the ACL wildcard. With an IOS access-list entry, one bits mean ignore that bit and zero bits mean compare it, so using the subnet mask selects an unintended range of addresses.

D:

Wildcard 0.0.255.255 covers the entire /16 beginning 192.168 rather than this more specific /22 source. It would allow addresses beyond the approved subnet and is too broad for the stated ACL security policy.

Question 498

A Cisco extended ACL logs denied packets with the `log` keyword on a targeted security ACE. The security team expects a log entry for each matching category and wants to trace the source. Which role does `log` serve?

  1. It encrypts every matching packet payload so the ACL no longer needs IPsec.
  2. It requests logging of packets matching that ACE, subject to platform logging rate and operational behavior.
  3. It overrides a deny with permit whenever a matching packet is recorded.
  4. It automatically creates a DHCP snooping binding for the source host.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

ACL logging provides a diagnostic record for traffic that meets a specific permit or deny entry. Depending on the implementation and rate controls, logs may be summarized or throttled rather than producing a one-to-one record for every packet. The `log` keyword does not itself change the permit/deny decision or turn a broad ACE into a narrow one.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Logging and encryption are different security functions. The ACL still matches and permits or denies packets, while encryption requires an actual supported protection mechanism.

C:

The ACE action remains permit or deny. Requesting a log message does not change the forwarding disposition of traffic that matched the statement.

D:

DHCP snooping maintains IP/MAC lease observations at Layer 2. ACL log messages do not create validated DHCP address bindings.

Question 499

A named extended ACL includes a permit for UDP DNS requests to the resolver at 192.0.2.53, followed by an implicit deny. DNS over TCP sometimes fails for the same authorized clients. What targeted policy addition handles that supported use case?

  1. Replace the UDP permit with ICMP echo to the resolver.
  2. Add a correctly ordered TCP destination-port 53 permit for the approved client sources and resolver.
  3. Disable the ACL so every DNS server and port becomes reachable.
  4. Change only the DNS A record for the resolver.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

DNS commonly uses UDP/53 for ordinary queries but also legitimately uses TCP/53, depending on transaction and response requirements. An ACE that permits only UDP does not match a separate TCP flow; the implicit deny will drop it. Add the minimal TCP/53 exception for the same permitted resolver without opening unrelated services.

Incorrect Answers

A:

ICMP reachability is a diagnostic and is not DNS application transport. It will not permit the required TCP/53 query session.

C:

That is broader than necessary and weakens the original segmentation. A narrow TCP/53 permit is sufficient for the stated resolver.

D:

DNS resource records describe names and addresses, not which transport packets traverse an interface ACL. The filter must match TCP/53.

Question 500

An IPv4 extended ACL allows employee HTTPS traffic to a public service but must block requests originating in guest subnet 192.168.248.0/21. The ACL currently begins with `permit ip any any` and later denies that guest range. Why is the guest deny ineffective?

  1. Because extended ACLs cannot check source IPv4 addresses.
  2. The broad earlier permit matches guest packets first, so the later deny is never evaluated.
  3. Because 192.168.248.0/21 is never a valid private IPv4 subnet.
  4. Because implicit deny always overrides every explicit permit.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

IOS ACL conditions are processed top-down; the first matching entry determines the packet result. `permit ip any any` matches the guest source and target before the more-specific deny can be considered. Order the guest deny ahead of that permit or narrow the broad permission to retain the intended security boundary.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Extended ACLs can match source and destination addresses and protocol fields. The issue is rule ordering, not an inability to filter guest sources.

C:

It is within RFC 1918 192.168.0.0/16 and is a valid /21 boundary. The configuration error is that an earlier rule already permits it.

D:

An implicit deny applies only when no prior ACE matches. Here the explicit all-traffic permit matches first and stops further evaluation.