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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 51

Question 500

An IPv4 extended ACL allows employee HTTPS traffic to a public service but must block requests originating in guest subnet 192.168.248.0/21. The ACL currently begins with `permit ip any any` and later denies that guest range. Why is the guest deny ineffective?

  1. Because extended ACLs cannot check source IPv4 addresses.
  2. The broad earlier permit matches guest packets first, so the later deny is never evaluated.
  3. Because 192.168.248.0/21 is never a valid private IPv4 subnet.
  4. Because implicit deny always overrides every explicit permit.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

IOS ACL conditions are processed top-down; the first matching entry determines the packet result. `permit ip any any` matches the guest source and target before the more-specific deny can be considered. Order the guest deny ahead of that permit or narrow the broad permission to retain the intended security boundary.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Extended ACLs can match source and destination addresses and protocol fields. The issue is rule ordering, not an inability to filter guest sources.

C:

It is within RFC 1918 192.168.0.0/16 and is a valid /21 boundary. The configuration error is that an earlier rule already permits it.

D:

An implicit deny applies only when no prior ACE matches. Here the explicit all-traffic permit matches first and stops further evaluation.

Question 501

A Cisco ACL contains `10 deny ip host 192.0.2.15 any`, followed by `20 permit tcp host 192.0.2.15 host 198.51.100.20 eq 443`. The team needs to allow this HTTPS session. What issue must be corrected?

  1. Order or narrow the broad deny so the specific HTTPS permit is evaluated first.
  2. Only increase the router’s default route preference.
  3. Add another copy of the permit after line 20.
  4. Change the switch native VLAN to 443.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

IOS ACLs use top-down first matching ACE processing. The broad line 10 already matches all IP traffic from 192.0.2.15, including the intended HTTPS flow, so line 20 is unreachable for that host. Place the narrow permit before the relevant broad deny or refine the policy using the approved security intent.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Administrative distance changes route-source selection but not which ACL line matches first. The broad deny still filters the packet.

C:

Later permits are also blocked by the earlier matching deny. The sequence/criteria conflict must be fixed, not repeated.

D:

VLAN IDs and TCP destination port numbers are unrelated. A trunk native VLAN will not modify ACL first-match order.

Question 502

An enterprise has a named IPv4 ACL applied inbound on a router interface. Operations must add a new service exception between ACE sequence 10 and 20 without deleting the full list. Which approach preserves the intended match order?

  1. Append the new exception after an earlier blanket `deny ip any any` and assume it takes precedence.
  2. Change the interface IPv4 mask to place the exception numerically between the ACL entries.
  3. Configure an unrelated standard ACL on the opposite interface and ignore the existing inbound policy.
  4. Insert the new supported named ACL entry at an unused sequence number between the existing entries, then verify ACL order.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Cisco named ACLs support sequence-numbered permit and deny entries. Using a free number between existing rules allows a new specific match to be evaluated at the intended point, subject to the platform’s accepted syntax. Confirm the list’s operational order and retest affected flows because first-match behavior can change with insertion position.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An explicit broad deny is already a complete match for the packet, so later exceptions are unreachable. The correct insertion point must precede any blocking catch-all.

B:

Interface addressing and ACL sequence numbers are separate configuration concerns. A subnet mask change can break connectivity without controlling rule evaluation order.

C:

A second list on another path may not see the packet and does not necessarily repair the original first-match rule. Work within the policy applied at the actual ingress boundary.

Question 503

An extended ACL has `10 deny tcp 192.168.92.224 0.0.0.31 host 203.0.113.20 eq 22` followed by `20 permit ip any any`. A client 192.168.92.254 attempts SSH to 203.0.113.20. What happens?

  1. The SSH packet matches line 10 and is denied; the later general permit does not override the first match.
  2. Line 20 permits it because `permit ip any any` always has precedence.
  3. The first ACE matches only the literal address 192.168.92.224.
  4. The deny applies only to UDP because SSH is not TCP.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The source .254 lies in 192.168.92.224–.255, the /27 covered by wildcard 0.0.0.31. The packet also uses TCP destination port 22 toward the named server, so it matches the line-10 deny completely. ACL evaluation stops at the first match and never reaches line 20.

Incorrect Answers

B:

An ACL does not prefer a broad permit over an earlier specific deny. The first matching entry decides the result, so line 10 wins.

C:

The wildcard 0.0.0.31 permits the low five bits to vary, covering all 32 addresses in the aligned /27, including .254.

D:

SSH ordinarily uses TCP destination port 22, exactly the transport specified by the ACE. The described packet satisfies protocol and destination matches.

Question 504

A security engineer needs to deny all traffic from source 192.168.62.0/23 on its incoming branch LAN interface, while other LANs should keep their existing permitted access. Where should a standard inbound source ACL be evaluated?

  1. Only on the interface where the packets exit to an unrelated WLAN, regardless of their actual path.
  2. On the DNS server so the router automatically filters all source IPv4 packets.
  3. On the branch switch’s hostname property instead of an interface.
  4. On the branch LAN-facing inbound interface where packets from that source subnet arrive, if permitted by the approved design.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

An inbound ACL evaluates packets as they enter the interface. When the requirement concerns all traffic from a particular LAN source, placing a suitable source-matching ACL on that LAN boundary can stop the packets before they traverse downstream networks. Preserve appropriately ordered explicit permits for other approved sources because unmatched packets encounter implicit deny.

Incorrect Answers

A:

ACL direction must correspond to where the packets traverse the device. An unrelated interface will not evaluate this branch flow.

B:

DNS server policy does not replace a router interface ACL for transit traffic. The deny must be applied on an interface that sees those packets.

C:

A hostname is a management label, not a packet-filter attachment point. It cannot enforce source-address traffic policy.

Question 505

A standard IPv4 ACL permits source host 10.10.10.5. The operations team assumes it can also restrict that host to HTTPS on destination 192.0.2.8 with the same standard ACE. What is missing?

  1. A standard ACL automatically infers destination port 443 from the host address.
  2. Use an extended IPv4 ACL because service filtering needs destination address, transport protocol and destination port matching.
  3. No ACL can filter based on a TCP destination port, so the requirement is impossible.
  4. Configure an OSPF route map instead of any packet-filtering rule, with no change to access control.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Standard IPv4 ACLs primarily match source IPv4 addresses and are useful for coarse source-based admission. The added requirement distinguishes one destination and TCP service, which needs an extended match. Select the correct interface direction and rule order so normal permitted traffic is not blocked accidentally.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An IPv4 address identifies an endpoint rather than the application port. Standard source matches do not gain TCP service specificity from the destination’s numeric address.

C:

Extended ACL syntax includes protocol and service-port predicates. Appropriate ACEs can distinguish HTTPS from other TCP/UDP services.

D:

Routing policy selects reachability attributes rather than enforcing per-packet destination service filtering at the desired interface. An extended ACL matches the actual security constraint.

Question 506

An IOS ACL contains two permit ACEs and no explicit final deny. A packet matches neither permit statement. What happens under normal ACL evaluation?

  1. The packet is routed by the ACL using longest prefix matching.
  2. The packet is denied by the ACL’s implicit final deny.
  3. The packet is rewritten using NAT before ACL evaluation can deny it.
  4. The packet is permitted automatically because no deny line is shown.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

IOS ACLs are processed in sequence, and packets not matching any explicit permit are denied by the implicit `deny any` behavior. This is critical when building a permit-list policy; allowed traffic must be named explicitly. The implicit rule is not normally displayed as a manually configured ACE but still governs unmatched traffic.

Incorrect Answers

A:

ACLs test permit/deny predicates; routing separately determines the next hop for permitted traffic. A nonmatching ACL packet is not automatically passed to routing.

C:

Address translation may occur in a configured packet path, but it does not nullify an applied ACL’s implicit deny. NAT is not an ACL bypass mechanism.

D:

The absence of an explicit deny does not mean allow-by-default in an IOS ACL. The implicit final deny handles unmatched packets.

Question 507

An IOS extended ACL applied inbound contains sequence lines: `10 deny tcp host 10.31.1.25 host 192.0.2.21 eq 23`, `20 permit tcp host 10.31.1.25 host 192.0.2.21 eq 22`, `30 deny ip host 10.31.1.25 any`, `40 permit ip any any`. A packet arrives from 10.31.1.25 to 192.0.2.21 using TCP destination port 22. Which ACE is the FIRST matching statement?

  1. 30 deny ip host 10.31.1.25 any
  2. 40 permit ip any any
  3. 10 deny tcp host 10.31.1.25 host 192.0.2.21 eq 23
  4. 20 permit tcp host 10.31.1.25 host 192.0.2.21 eq 22

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

IOS ACL processing walks entries in ascending sequence order and stops at the FIRST ACE that matches all specified fields. Line 10 tests port 23 and fails to match this TCP 22 packet; line 20 matches its source, destination, protocol and requested destination port. The permit therefore applies before the broader line 30 deny is considered.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Line 30 would match the source at the IP level, but line 20 has already permitted this specific TCP session. First-match processing stops when the earlier fully matching ACE is found, so the later broad deny is not reached.

B:

Line 40 permits all IP traffic as a fallback, but it is evaluated only if no earlier line matches. This packet already satisfies the narrower line 20 permit, so the permissive final ACE is never the first match.

C:

Line 10 is encountered first but its TCP destination port is 23, not the packet’s port 22. ACL order matters only for statements whose source, destination, protocol and port predicates ALL match; being earlier alone is insufficient.

Question 508

A security policy should match ONLY approved source subnet 192.168.182.64/28 and not its neighboring 192.168.182.80/28. Which wildcard-matching mistake would accidentally permit both networks?

  1. Using the correct `0.0.0.15` wildcard.
  2. Using `0.0.0.0` with source host 192.168.182.65.
  3. Using a broader `0.0.0.31` wildcard with an aligned 192.168.182.64 base, which matches the whole /27.
  4. Adding an explicit `deny ip any any` after the intended permit.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A /28 has 16 addresses and needs wildcard 0.0.0.15, covering last octets .64–.79. Wildcard 0.0.0.31 permits five low bits to vary, so the source match expands to .64–.95 and includes the next /28. This is a concrete over-permission risk even if the rest of the ACE is correctly scoped.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That wildcard admits exactly 16 addresses in this aligned /28, leaving .80–.95 outside. It does not accidentally include the neighboring subnet.

B:

An all-zero wildcard matches only one IPv4 address, making the rule narrower rather than broad enough for two subnets. It would not admit the entire adjacent /28.

D:

A trailing deny blocks unmatched packets but cannot broaden the permitted source wildcard. The over-permission problem stems from the source pattern itself.

Question 509

An extended ACL on a Cisco router should deny traffic from 192.168.227.128/25 to a sensitive management server. Operators suspect an earlier permit is swallowing packets. Which read-only evidence most directly confirms the matching and sequence of ACEs?

  1. Inspect `show ip access-lists` for ordered ACEs and match counters, then test representative authorized and denied flows.
  2. `show cdp neighbors` as the primary display of ACE hit counts.
  3. `show ip route` only, because routing tables show which ACL line matched.
  4. Clear the entire running configuration to force fresh ACL statistics.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Cisco ACL operational output lists access control entries in evaluation order and can show match counts on supported platforms. By correlating counters with controlled packet tests, the engineer can determine whether a broad permit is matching before the intended deny. This distinguishes an order defect from a wrong subnet wildcard without changing policy blindly.

Incorrect Answers

B:

CDP lists adjacent neighbor identity and port metadata. It does not report ACL sequence decisions or matched packet counters.

C:

A route entry selects next-hop forwarding, not the packet-filter line that admitted or denied a packet. ACL inspection is a separate control plane.

D:

Destroying configuration is unnecessary and dangerous. Read-only ACL output and controlled tests are the appropriate way to investigate rule matching.

Question 510

An engineer must write an ACL entry matching exactly source host 10.5.5.25 rather than the entire /24 subnet. Which source address form fits?

  1. `host 10.5.5.25` (equivalent to `10.5.5.25 0.0.0.0`).
  2. `any` as the source address.
  3. `10.5.5.25 255.255.255.255` as the wildcard.
  4. `10.5.5.0 0.0.0.255` as a source.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

An IOS ACL host keyword matches one IPv4 address using a wildcard mask of all zeros. Every address bit must match 10.5.5.25, preventing additional hosts from matching. A /24 wildcard like 0.0.0.255 would allow many clients and violate the exact-source security requirement.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The any keyword matches all IPv4 source addresses and ignores the stated single-host restriction. It is least specific.

C:

A wildcard of all ones ignores every source address bit, effectively matching arbitrary hosts. It is the opposite of exact-host matching.

D:

This wildcard permits the entire 10.5.5.0/24 address range, not only host 10.5.5.25. It is substantially broader.