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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 48

Question 470

A new IOS router is on a secured bench. Administrators need an encrypted local privileged EXEC secret so unauthorized console users cannot enter configuration mode. Which command is appropriate?

  1. Use `enable password` as the preferred stronger credential storage mechanism.
  2. Configure an `enable secret` with a strong unique credential and secure access controls.
  3. Set `hostname` to the password string.
  4. Configure a new default IP route as the administrator password.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

`enable secret` protects privileged EXEC access using a stronger stored representation than legacy plain enable passwords. It should be paired with appropriate console/VTY login controls and protected configuration backups. The command does not replace centralized AAA or SSH on remote links, but it establishes the requested local privilege boundary.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Legacy enable password handling is less secure than enable secret and can be exposed through weaker storage modes. The scenario asks for an encrypted privileged credential.

C:

The hostname changes device identification and CLI prompt text, not privileged EXEC authentication. Placing secrets into labels could disclose them.

D:

A route controls packet forwarding and contains no authentication policy. It cannot restrict console entry to privileged configuration commands.

Question 471

A switch accepts SSH administrative logins correctly, but a packet capture shows that the same VTY lines also accept Telnet sessions. The remote access policy requires encrypted management only. What is the most focused configuration change?

  1. Change `exec-timeout` to zero while leaving both transports accepted.
  2. Enable `ip http server` to protect all VTY connections with HTTPS.
  3. Configure `service password-encryption` instead of changing VTY transport.
  4. Configure `transport input ssh` on the applicable VTY lines, then test that Telnet is refused while SSH still works.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The VTY transport policy controls which remote-management protocols can open a session. Restricting input to SSH removes Telnet’s plaintext credential and command channel while preserving the existing authenticated SSH path. Verify an approved SSH version and user/AAA settings separately because a secure transport alone does not grant an authorized identity.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Session idle timeouts affect how long an inactive login persists. They do not prevent Telnet handshakes or encrypt management traffic, so the policy breach would continue.

B:

The HTTP service is separate from Telnet and SSH on VTY lines. Enabling an unrelated management listener does not stop unencrypted Telnet access and could expand the attack surface.

C:

Hiding some stored passwords in the running configuration does not encrypt interactive Telnet traffic. The insecure network protocol must be removed from the VTY accept list.

Question 472

An organization wants one local router account for break-glass recovery while normal remote administration uses central AAA. How should this fallback be treated?

  1. Use the DNS cache as a store for local router passwords.
  2. Create a tightly controlled local fallback account and configure explicit AAA method-order behavior.
  3. Enable PortFast on the console interface instead of a login method.
  4. Turn off all AAA and use only the shared local password for daily operations.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

AAA methods can be ordered so remote authentication normally consults central servers while an approved local database may serve as fallback under specified failure conditions. Break-glass credentials require strong protection, audit controls and periodic verification. An uncontrolled shared password or automatic fallback on mere authentication rejection could weaken the intended central authorization boundary.

Incorrect Answers

A:

DNS is a name-resolution system, not a credential vault or IOS local authentication database. It cannot securely implement emergency administrator access.

C:

PortFast controls Ethernet STP edge behavior, not CLI authentication. It cannot implement central-plus-local AAA fallback.

D:

That defeats centralized authorization and individual accountability. The requirement explicitly keeps central AAA as the ordinary operational method.

Question 473

A Cisco switch is left at a remote unmanned closet. Administrators authenticate individually over SSH, but the current VTY session remains at privileged EXEC indefinitely after a technician walks away from a shared terminal. Which additional local access control most directly limits this risk?

  1. Set `logging synchronous` on the console and leave VTY session limits unchanged.
  2. Configure a static ARP entry for the technician’s workstation to terminate privileged sessions.
  3. Configure an appropriate `exec-timeout` on the VTY lines and verify idle sessions are disconnected under the required policy.
  4. Disable the VTY username database to force all technicians to share one permanent line password.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

IOS `exec-timeout` controls the idle interval before an EXEC session is ended. Setting a finite policy-aligned interval reduces exposure when an authenticated management terminal is abandoned without logging out. It does not replace individual credentials, encrypted SSH transport, or logging, but directly addresses the unwanted idle privileged session.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Logging synchronous improves the display of asynchronous console messages while commands are typed. It does not impose an inactivity cutoff on the remote terminal session described in the scenario.

B:

ARP maps IP neighbors to link-layer addresses and has no EXEC inactivity function. A static neighbor entry would not monitor operator activity or close a running VTY login.

D:

A shared password reduces individual accountability and still does not end abandoned sessions. Preserve the existing SSH identity control and add the actual timeout at the line interface.

Question 474

An administrator can authenticate using a digital certificate issued by a trusted enterprise CA instead of typing a reusable shared secret. What credential concept is being applied?

  1. An 802.1Q native VLAN that stores the user certificate.
  2. Certificate-based authentication using public-key identity and a trusted issuer.
  3. A DNS CNAME alias that substitutes for authentication.
  4. A default static route whose next hop acts as the CA.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Certificates bind a subject identity or endpoint name to a public key under a trusted certificate authority. A protocol can validate the certificate chain and demonstrate possession of the corresponding private key. Certificate use does not automatically grant all authorization; roles and policy still govern permitted actions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A native VLAN identifies untagged Ethernet frames and is unrelated to X.509 identity validation or private-key proof.

C:

DNS aliases help find a service by name but do not prove possession of a private key or validate an identity certificate.

D:

IP routes select forwarding paths. They do not issue, validate or revoke digital certificates for an administrator.

Question 475

A company requires password alternatives with lower phishing susceptibility for privileged network administration. Which option better resists password replay when deployed correctly?

  1. Hide the wireless SSID while keeping one administrator password.
  2. Phishing-resistant certificate- or security-key-based authentication tied to the intended service.
  3. Change the administrative IP subnet every month without changing authentication.
  4. One short shared password placed in a secure-looking login page.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Approved cryptographic authenticators can bind authentication to a service identity and prove possession of a private key without disclosing a reusable password. This reduces the usefulness of intercepted credentials at an impersonated site. Actual phishing resistance depends on the protocol and validation configuration; not every second factor has equal properties.

Incorrect Answers

A:

SSID hiding is an RF discovery setting, not a login factor. It cannot stop a fake management portal from collecting a password.

C:

Address rotation may affect reachability but does not protect credentials typed into a phishing page. The mechanism required is strong authentication.

D:

A reused password remains phishable and replayable even when the interface appears legitimate. It lacks cryptographic binding to the intended service.

Question 476

A network login portal uses fingerprint verification on a managed device. What authentication factor category does this represent?

  1. Possession, because the WLAN has an access point nearby.
  2. Network location, because the user connected from a trusted VLAN.
  3. Knowledge, because the user remembers the fingerprint pattern.
  4. Inherence: a biometric characteristic associated with the user.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Biometric verification uses a physical or behavioral trait and is commonly categorized as something the user is. It is distinct from a knowledge password and a possession token. Privacy, spoof-resistance and supported liveness controls matter; biometric matching alone is not a guarantee of correct authorization.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Nearby network hardware does not make the user’s fingerprint a possession factor. A token or key would be a separate possession credential.

B:

Source network location can be a contextual access condition but is not the intrinsic biometric being verified. The question asks about the fingerprint factor.

C:

A fingerprint is a biometric trait measured by a sensor, not a memorized secret string. It belongs to inherence rather than knowledge.

Question 477

A company worries that administrators reuse easy passwords. It wants to lower password guessing risk without preventing every approved password reset. Which policy bundle is sensible?

  1. Increase the management VLAN’s subnet size.
  2. Enforce appropriate length, uniqueness and protected credential storage, supplemented by MFA.
  3. Disable all authentication logging so passwords are not recorded.
  4. Require a single six-character password shared by all administrators.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Long, unique passwords reduce the effectiveness of guessing and password-reuse attacks, while protected storage limits exposure of stored secrets. MFA supplies an additional authentication barrier. Policy should account for account recovery and locked-out users; rigid complexity tricks alone are not a substitute for strong credentials.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A larger subnet does not strengthen individual passwords or prevent credential reuse. It can broaden management access instead.

C:

Authentication logs should not contain plaintext secrets, but eliminating audit trails hinders detection of guessing campaigns. Proper sanitization and monitoring are preferable.

D:

A short shared password is easier to compromise and undermines per-person accountability. It is the opposite of the stated risk reduction.

Question 478

An organization requires network administrators to use a password plus a hardware security key when accessing its management portal. What security principle does this enforce?

  1. A device hostname that matches the username.
  2. Two passwords typed in sequence are automatically two different authentication factors.
  3. Multifactor authentication using separate knowledge and possession factors.
  4. An extended ACL that permits only the administrator’s IP.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A password represents something the user knows while a hardware key represents something the user possesses. Requiring both makes stolen passwords alone insufficient for login under the configured MFA policy. The factors should be independently verified; typing two passwords is not the same as using two factor categories.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Hostnames label devices and do not authenticate a user with independent credentials. A matching text string adds no second security factor.

B:

Both passwords are knowledge factors, even if their strings differ. MFA requires different categories rather than more than one secret of the same type.

D:

An ACL can restrict network sources but cannot prove the user possesses a hardware key. It is a complementary access control, not the requested MFA mechanism.

Question 479

A security engineer configures local Cisco user credentials. Which storage mechanism is preferable to a line password using reversible Type 7 obfuscation?

  1. Use a supported one-way password secret hashing mechanism and approved secret policy.
  2. Store all passwords directly in plaintext to simplify recovery.
  3. Rely on Type 7 reversible encoding as cryptographic protection.
  4. Disable login authentication after configuring secret values.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Cisco secret credentials are intended to be stored using supported one-way hashing rather than weak reversible obfuscation. This reduces exposure if configuration text is obtained, though it does not make weak passwords safe. Prefer supported modern secret types and centralized AAA where appropriate, and restrict configuration backups.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Plaintext secrets expose the credentials to anyone who can read configuration or backups. Recovery convenience does not justify that exposure.

C:

Type 7 is obfuscation and can be reversed, so it is not an appropriate defense for sensitive administrative credentials.

D:

A stored hash only matters if the login process enforces authentication. Disabling login defeats the intended credential control.

Question 480

A site-to-site VPN encrypts traffic from `10.10.0.0/16` to `10.20.0.0/16`, but a new `10.30.0.0/16` subnet fails while the original pair works. Which tunnel policy element should be checked?

  1. The traffic selectors or protected-prefix policy on both IPsec peers, along with routing.
  2. Only the original tunnel encryption key size, with no review of prefixes.
  3. The VLAN display name of the switch nearest the VPN gateway.
  4. The client’s DHCP DNS search suffix.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Policy-based IPsec protection applies to specified source and destination traffic selectors. If the new subnet is absent from the negotiated protected-prefix policy, its packets might not match the security association even though the original tunnel is healthy. Both peer definitions and network routes must agree before declaring the new traffic protected.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A working original prefix pair suggests the existing encryption can operate. The selective failure for a newly added subnet points to traffic selectors or routing scope.

C:

Renaming a VLAN does not extend IPsec selectors to a new source/destination network. The protected traffic policy must cover the subnet.

D:

A DNS suffix can change hostname resolution but not which IP prefixes are included in IPsec selectors. The issue concerns routed subnet protection.