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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 45

Question 440

SSH login to a device works from the operations subnet but fails from the guest subnet; the management ACL intentionally permits only operations addresses. Which conclusion follows?

  1. SSH must be disabled because one routed subnet cannot connect.
  2. The guest VLAN must be reconfigured as the native VLAN for SSH to work.
  3. The SSH service is reachable, and the source ACL correctly denies unauthorized guest management attempts.
  4. Every subnet should be allowed to administer the device by default.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A management-plane ACL can restrict which source IPs are allowed to initiate SSH even when the destination address and port are reachable through routing. Success from an authorized subnet and rejection from an unauthorized guest segment are consistent with least-privilege policy. Do not weaken the ACL solely to make guest attempts succeed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A successful operations-subnet connection proves the SSH service is functioning. The differing outcome is explained by the approved source restriction.

B:

VLAN tagging is not the specified source-ACL authorization condition. Reassigning VLANs would undermine segmentation instead of respecting the policy.

D:

Management access should be limited to authorized sources. Opening SSH to guest networks would violate the explicit security design.

Question 441

A network engineer must verify that a router’s SSH service is enabled and accepting only version 2 under its current IOS configuration. Which diagnostic is appropriate?

  1. Use `show spanning-tree` to audit SSH host keys.
  2. Use `show interfaces trunk` to read the SSH version.
  3. Inspect `show ip ssh` and the configured VTY transport/login settings.
  4. Use `ping` alone because ICMP reveals the SSH protocol version.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Cisco IOS SSH status output reports the SSH service and protocol version when supported. Comparing that with VTY configuration verifies the intended SSH-only access path and authentication mode. A successful IP ping does not prove encrypted management is enabled or restricted to version 2.

Incorrect Answers

A:

STP controls bridge loop topology, not remote management encryption keys. SSH show/config commands are required.

B:

Trunk output concerns VLAN tagging and cannot report cryptographic SSH service state or VTY login policy.

D:

ICMP probes only basic IP reachability and do not negotiate SSH. The server can answer ping with SSH disabled.

Question 442

A device administrator sees a browser warning while accessing an SSH-only network switch and assumes the SSH server certificate expired. What technical distinction matters?

  1. Moving the port to another VLAN changes the expired certificate signature.
  2. SSH uses host keys for server identity; an HTTPS browser certificate is a different management service.
  3. SSH and HTTPS must share the same certificate validation workflow on every platform.
  4. Disabling SSH automatically fixes invalid HTTPS certificates.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

SSH secures a command session using its own key exchange and host-key verification, while HTTPS relies on TLS certificates for a browser interface. A web certificate warning does not establish that SSH authentication is broken. Diagnose the actual service, port, host key and client trust state independently.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Layer 2 VLAN membership does not regenerate a cryptographic TLS certificate or SSH host key. Identity validation is an application-protocol concern.

C:

The protocols use different trust and identity mechanisms. A TLS browser certificate failure is not necessarily an SSH host-key failure.

D:

Turning off an unrelated secure CLI service does not repair certificate trust on the management web GUI. It removes useful protected access.

Question 443

An engineer wants to protect management from brute-force authentication attempts while continuing approved SSH access. Which control is a suitable complementary measure?

  1. Use controlled login attempt limits, authentication policy and trusted-source management ACLs.
  2. Increase the switch MAC-table timeout to an hour.
  3. Disable every syslog security event during login failures.
  4. Enable all VTY protocols including Telnet to give attackers more options.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

SSH encrypts transport but does not automatically eliminate password guessing risk against an exposed login service. Platform login-block features, AAA policy, strong credentials and source ACLs can reduce attack exposure. Choose limits carefully to avoid locking out legitimate administrators during recovery.

Incorrect Answers

B:

MAC-table aging is a Layer 2 forwarding mechanism and does not govern SSH authentication attempts at the device management plane.

C:

Suppressing logs removes useful evidence of attempted compromise and does not stop the attempts. Logging and access limits are complementary controls.

D:

Telnet adds an unencrypted attack surface and provides no brute-force protection. The requirement is to restrict and protect administration.

Question 444

An administrator wants SSH to authenticate against the router’s configured local user database rather than only one shared VTY password. Which VTY authentication setting is appropriate?

  1. `ip helper-address` on the management interface.
  2. `login local` with a valid configured local username/secret.
  3. `transport input telnet` as the authentication method.
  4. `no login` on the VTY lines.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The `login local` VTY configuration uses the device’s local user entries when a connection attempts authentication. It supports individual credentials rather than one undifferentiated line password. The SSH service and VTY transport still need to be configured, and external AAA may be preferable for larger networks.

Incorrect Answers

A:

DHCP relay forwards address requests and has no role in authenticating SSH users. The VTY login configuration is missing.

C:

Transport selection controls permitted protocols, not which user database is consulted. Telnet also lacks SSH encryption.

D:

Disabling login checking removes an authentication control rather than using the local user database. It contradicts the protected management requirement.

Question 445

An IOS router has an IP management address and local administrator credentials, but VTY lines still allow Telnet. What VTY setting restricts remote CLI access to SSH only?

  1. Configure only `service password-encryption`.
  2. Apply `transport input telnet` instead.
  3. Apply `transport input ssh` on the VTY lines.
  4. Enable a static route but leave VTY input unchanged.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

VTY transport input limits which remote terminal protocols the device accepts for login. Setting it to ssh excludes Telnet while permitting the encrypted SSH service when keys and authentication are configured. Restrict sources with a management ACL as appropriate; transport selection is distinct from user authorization.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Type 7 password obfuscation does not select SSH as the remote terminal transport or provide SSH session encryption. The VTY transport still needs restriction.

B:

This explicitly permits the unencrypted Telnet protocol and excludes the requested SSH-only management. It reverses the security requirement.

D:

Reachability to the management IP does not control which remote terminal protocol is accepted. Telnet would remain enabled on reachable paths.

Question 446

An engineer needs a minimal file transfer protocol to retrieve a firmware image from a trusted local management server; the design has no requirement for user authentication in the transfer protocol itself. Which service may fit?

  1. TFTP with appropriate network isolation and verification of the downloaded image.
  2. SNMP GET requests read the complete firmware binary by default.
  3. HTTPS client authentication is mandatory for TFTP on UDP 69.
  4. DNS AXFR is the normal firmware-transfer protocol.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

TFTP is a simple UDP-based file transfer protocol often used for boot images or controlled device backups. Its simplicity comes with no built-in user authentication or strong confidentiality, so it should be restricted to trusted networks and checked against image integrity requirements. It is unsuitable for transferring sensitive data across untrusted paths.

Incorrect Answers

B:

SNMP GET retrieves managed object values, not a general firmware file transfer with arbitrary binary blocks. TFTP is the relevant simple transfer protocol.

C:

TFTP does not inherently use HTTPS or TLS client certificates. Those are separate transport/security mechanisms, not built-in TFTP features.

D:

DNS zone transfer exchanges name records between DNS servers, not firmware images for network devices. The request is a file transfer.

Question 447

A switch is configured to transfer a configuration file through TFTP, but network security blocks UDP port 69 to the trusted server. What should be investigated?

  1. Change the DNS MX record of the TFTP server.
  2. Permit the necessary authorized TFTP request and transfer traffic through the security boundary.
  3. Disable switch logging to reduce transfer packet size.
  4. Enable TCP port 21 only because all TFTP uses FTP control sessions.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

TFTP begins a file transfer using UDP port 69 at the server and subsequently uses negotiated transfer identifiers/ports. A security policy that blocks all required UDP exchanges prevents the transfer even when IP routing is correct. Open only the needed flows between approved devices and servers, not broad unauthenticated access.

Incorrect Answers

A:

MX records designate mail exchangers and do not control TFTP UDP transport. The request packets are being blocked by policy.

C:

Logging settings do not permit blocked UDP file-transfer flows. This would reduce visibility rather than repair reachability.

D:

TCP 21 is associated with classic FTP, not the UDP-based TFTP request mechanism. Permitting it alone does not allow TFTP to work.

Question 448

A network backup workflow needs authenticated file transfer using a protocol with a control connection and separate data transfer semantics. The management zone permits FTP. Which statement fits?

  1. TFTP supplies the same username/password session semantics as FTP.
  2. FTP can authenticate users and transfer files through control/data connections, but classic FTP is not encrypted.
  3. DNS recursion is the FTP authentication service.
  4. FTP is always encrypted because it uses TCP.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

File Transfer Protocol supports authenticated file operations and a separate control and data channel model. Classic FTP does not encrypt credentials or payload by default, so it should be limited to protected environments or replaced by a secure protocol when confidentiality is required. TFTP has a simpler unauthenticated design.

Incorrect Answers

A:

TFTP is a minimal UDP file-transfer protocol and does not provide the classic FTP user-authenticated control channel. It is a different security model.

C:

DNS resolves names and does not authenticate FTP user sessions or create file-transfer data connections.

D:

TCP provides reliable transport but not confidentiality. Classic FTP sends its user authentication and data without built-in encryption.

Question 449

A help desk has a firmware image available on both an FTP server and a TFTP server. The network engineer wants to identify which one can natively request a username/password in the traditional protocol.

  1. TFTP requires a personal username and password for every transfer.
  2. FTP supports authenticated user sessions, while basic TFTP does not.
  3. FTP encrypts a user password automatically without TLS.
  4. Neither FTP nor TFTP supports any user identification.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Classic FTP establishes a control session that can exchange user authentication, whereas basic TFTP is intentionally minimalist and does not have such a login handshake. Authentication does not imply encryption: classic FTP credentials are not confidential without additional protection. Choose based on the actual transport security and device support.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That is not how standard TFTP works. It relies primarily on server accessibility and external network controls rather than protocol-level user authentication.

C:

Plain FTP’s authentication fields are not encrypted by default. Having a password prompt does not establish confidentiality.

D:

FTP has a user authentication model, so treating both as unauthenticated ignores a core FTP distinction. TFTP is the simple one.

Question 450

A team proposes transferring router passwords and confidential configuration archives using unauthenticated TFTP across a public network. Which risk should be raised?

  1. An IPv4 private address on the server proves the public path is secure.
  2. Only changing the VLAN name makes plaintext transfer confidential.
  3. TFTP lacks built-in authentication and encryption; use a protected transfer alternative or isolated management path.
  4. TFTP encrypts credentials automatically using TLS on every platform.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

TFTP is useful for simple trusted file exchanges but does not protect credentials or secret configuration data on untrusted paths. The confidentiality and authorization requirements call for a secure protocol or a tightly isolated transport environment with additional controls. File checksum verification alone does not encrypt the content.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Private addressing describes reachability and address allocation, not payload encryption. A routed or tunneled path can still require explicit protections.

B:

VLAN naming is local Layer 2 metadata and does not encrypt packets crossing an untrusted WAN. Cryptographic protection is needed.

D:

Basic TFTP does not negotiate TLS or authenticate a user as part of the protocol. Assuming encryption would expose sensitive archives.