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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 37

Question 360

Two Cisco OSPFv2 routers have IP connectivity on one Ethernet subnet and matching area 0 IDs, but one interface uses 10-second Hello/40-second Dead timers and the other 30-second Hello/120-second Dead timers. Why does the adjacency fail?

  1. The timers do not affect adjacency and only influence link bandwidth reporting.
  2. Make the routers use identical hostnames because matching names is required for OSPF Hellos.
  3. The OSPF Hello and Dead intervals on the shared segment must match for a normal neighbor adjacency to form.
  4. Increase the client VLAN number so OSPF accepts the higher Dead interval.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

OSPF neighbors exchange Hello messages containing operational parameters, including timing expectations. A timer mismatch prevents normal neighbor processing even when the area and IP addressing agree. Align the approved Hello and Dead intervals on the relevant interfaces, then inspect neighbor state rather than changing unrelated route metrics.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Hello and Dead parameters are part of neighbor formation and liveness, not the normal route cost bandwidth formula. Their mismatch can stop adjacency.

B:

IOS hostnames are management labels, while OSPF uses router IDs, area settings and interface parameters. Changing the name does not resolve protocol timer differences.

D:

VLAN IDs govern Layer 2 segmentation; no VLAN-number arithmetic reconciles mismatched OSPF timers. The setting to correct is on the OSPF interfaces.

Question 361

On IOS OSPFv2 process 5, an engineer wants to enable the directly connected interface with IP 10.22.8.2/24 for area 0 using the process `network` statement. Which wildcard correctly selects that /24 subnet?

  1. `network 10.22.8.0 255.255.255.0 area 0` because wildcard and subnet mask are the same.
  2. `network 10.22.8.0 0.0.0.255 area 0` to include addresses within the /24.
  3. `network 10.22.8.0 0.0.0.0 area 0` because the entire /24 is selected by an exact network ID.
  4. `network 10.22.8.0 0.0.255.255 area 0` because more wildcard bits improve area consistency.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

An IOS OSPFv2 `network` command uses a wildcard mask, where zero bits must match and one bits may vary. For a /24 IPv4 subnet, the inverted 255.255.255.0 mask is 0.0.0.255. This permits the desired interface address to be selected into area 0, assuming other protocol requirements are met.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The supplied 255.255.255.0 is the normal subnet mask rather than the inverse wildcard required by this IOS syntax. It matches a different set of addresses.

C:

An all-zero wildcard matches only the exact 10.22.8.0 address, not the interface 10.22.8.2. The range wildcard is needed to include any address in the /24.

D:

That wildcard permits an entire /16-like range rather than only the desired /24. The problem explicitly asks for the smallest matching subnet range.

Question 362

The network team wants a concise command showing OSPF neighbor router IDs and adjacency states during troubleshooting of single-area OSPFv2. Which show command is most direct?

  1. `show ip nat translations`, which lists every OSPF DR.
  2. `show ip ospf neighbor` on the router.
  3. `show spanning-tree vlan 1`, which lists the OSPF link-state database.
  4. `show mac address-table`, which reports all OSPF router IDs and timers.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This command displays OSPFv2 neighbors with their router IDs, priorities, states, Dead timer and relevant interface information. It reveals whether neighbors are FULL, 2-WAY or stuck in an intermediate state. Detailed interface and configuration checks may follow, but this is the most direct neighbor-state overview.

Incorrect Answers

A:

NAT translation tables map addresses and ports for translated sessions. They do not enumerate OSPF Hello relationships or DR/BDR states.

C:

Spanning Tree monitors Layer 2 bridge roles and port states, not OSPF router neighbors. Its output cannot establish IP routing adjacency states.

D:

A MAC forwarding table shows Layer 2 source-learning associations. It lacks OSPF protocol neighbor and timer information.

Question 363

Two OSPFv2 routers use the same Ethernet subnet and area 0. One router marks that area as stub, while the other treats it as a normal transit area. Link addressing and Hello/Dead timers match, but no stable adjacency forms. What is the configuration mismatch?

  1. The two router IDs must be numerically consecutive before adjacency is permitted.
  2. OSPF requires one router to have a different area ID to reach FULL state.
  3. Increase the interface MTU on both devices without inspecting area settings.
  4. The OSPF area-type/options settings disagree; configure a consistent supported stub or normal area on both peers.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

OSPF neighbors must agree on relevant Hello parameters, including the area’s options such as the external-routing capability associated with stub settings. A normal-area peer and a stub-area peer can reject each other despite matching IP subnets and timers. Validate the area-type configuration rather than renumbering IP addresses.

Incorrect Answers

A:

OSPF router IDs must be distinct but do not have to be adjacent numbers. Their values are not the conflict stated in the scenario.

B:

Both ends of a neighbor link must share a compatible area ID. The issue here is area-type options despite both already using area 0.

C:

MTU can affect database exchange but the supplied mismatch concerns stub-versus-normal area options. Changing MTU alone does not repair the Hello compatibility.

Question 364

Two OSPF routers exchange Hellos and begin database exchange, but adjacency repeatedly stalls in EXSTART/EXCHANGE with mismatched link MTU settings. What should be investigated?

  1. Align supported interface MTU settings so OSPF database-description exchange succeeds.
  2. Replace OSPF with static NAT overload on both interfaces.
  3. Change the OSPF router IDs to be identical.
  4. Assign the link a new SSID and retry OSPF.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

OSPF DBD packets carry interface MTU information, and mismatched MTUs can prevent database exchange from completing normally. The neighbors may see each other but fail before FULL state. Verify both link MTUs and interface counters; using an MTU-ignore workaround can mask a real forwarding-size problem and is not generally preferred over correcting the mismatch.

Incorrect Answers

B:

NAT translates addresses and ports, but does not synchronize link-state databases. The protocol failure arises from mismatched OSPF interface characteristics.

C:

Duplicate router IDs introduce their own OSPF neighbor issues; they cannot resolve database-description size compatibility. Unique router IDs must be maintained.

D:

An Ethernet routed link has no direct dependency on a Wi-Fi SSID, and the observed state points at OSPF DBD/MTU handling. Wireless naming cannot fix the database exchange.

Question 365

A router with multiple routed IP interfaces must use a stable OSPFv2 router identifier independent of which interface comes up first. Which configuration is most deterministic?

  1. Configure an explicit unique `router-id` in the OSPF process and reset/restart the process if needed for it to take effect.
  2. Increase the interface STP priority to make the router ID stable.
  3. Assign the same router ID to every adjacent router for consistency.
  4. Set the local DNS hostname equal to the router ID in dotted decimal.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

OSPF identifies routers using a 32-bit router ID that should be unique in the routing domain. An explicit router ID avoids accidental changes when interface IP addresses differ or are added. On Cisco devices, changing an existing process router ID generally requires a restart or OSPF clear for the new value to take effect; use care because it can interrupt adjacencies.

Incorrect Answers

B:

STP bridge priority concerns Ethernet loop-free topology; it does not assign or persist the OSPF process identity.

C:

Identical OSPF router IDs can cause adjacency and LSDB confusion. The ID needs to be stable per router and unique across the OSPF domain.

D:

Hostname text does not directly set the OSPF router ID used in Hello or LSA headers. Use the explicit routing process configuration.

Question 366

A router is an OSPF designated router on a broadcast subnet. It fails, and the current BDR is healthy. Which normal election behavior minimizes disruption?

  1. The BDR takes over as DR, followed by election of a replacement BDR.
  2. Switches automatically remove the OSPF process from every neighbor after a DR failure.
  3. The failed DR’s interface priority remains authoritative and forbids takeover.
  4. Every DROTHER router becomes DR simultaneously until a manual reboot.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The backup designated router is kept in reserve to assume the DR role when the current DR disappears. Neighbor and link-state synchronization can continue around the elected coordinator, subject to detection timers and topology convergence. The protocol does not require all routers to stop forwarding until the original DR returns.

Incorrect Answers

B:

OSPF process state and election recovery belong to the routing protocol, not to Ethernet switches deleting router configuration. A replacement can be elected while routing continues.

C:

Priority affects election eligibility, not perpetual ownership after failure. The active BDR is designed to provide continuity when the DR is lost.

D:

Multiple DRs on the same shared segment are not the intended steady state. OSPF election maintains one designated router and typically one backup for the network.

Question 367

A Cisco OSPF process should enable routing only on one interface whose address is 10.59.33.146, and the operator wishes to avoid matching any other 10.59.33.x interface by the network statement. Which wildcard selector fits that host-specific requirement?

  1. `network 10.59.33.144 0.0.0.7 area 0`.
  2. `network 10.59.33.146 0.0.0.0 area 0`.
  3. `network 10.59.33.146 255.255.255.255 area 0`.
  4. `network 10.59.33.146 255.255.255.0 area 0`.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

An OSPF network statement matches local interface addresses using the configured address and wildcard. Wildcard 0.0.0.0 requires every IPv4 bit to match, so only an interface with this exact IP qualifies. This is distinct from a /29 wildcard that could activate multiple local interfaces in the eight-address subnet.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That wildcard identifies the entire 10.59.33.144/29 range and can match other interface addresses in the subnet. It is broader than the requested exact-host selector.

C:

An all-ones wildcard ignores all IP address bits and can match every interface rather than one. It is the inverse of the required exact-match behavior.

D:

This wildcard ignores much of the network portion while checking only parts of the address. It is not the exact-host selector requested.

Question 368

An IOS OSPF process currently has `network 10.10.154.64 0.0.0.63 area 0`. An administrator replaces the wildcard with 0.0.0.255, unintentionally enabling OSPF on an interface 10.10.154.200. Why did the new interface match?

  1. The /26 subnet mask automatically expands whenever OSPF starts.
  2. The wildcard 0.0.0.255 ignores all eight host-octet bits, expanding the match to the surrounding /24.
  3. OSPF always enables every interface on a router independently of network statements.
  4. The final octet 200 is smaller than 63, so it matched the old wildcard.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A wildcard marks bits that the OSPF network statement ignores when comparing local interface addresses. Changing 0.0.0.63 to 0.0.0.255 allows every last-octet value in 10.10.154.x to qualify. Interface .200 lies outside the original .64–.127 /26 but inside the newly matched /24.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Interface subnet masks do not rewrite OSPF statement wildcards by themselves. The broader wildcard is what expanded the interface match.

C:

OSPF needs a matching network statement or supported interface-level configuration. The newly broadened statement explains why this additional interface participates.

D:

Decimal 200 is greater than 63 and outside the .64–.127 range. It matched only after the 0.0.0.255 wildcard ignored all last-octet bits.

Question 369

A remote user VLAN has an OSPF-enabled SVI but contains no OSPF routers. The company wants to advertise the connected VLAN subnet without soliciting accidental neighbors on that client segment. What OSPF setting fits?

  1. Disable all OSPF areas across the distribution router.
  2. Configure the client-facing interface as OSPF passive while advertising its connected network.
  3. Increase the user VLAN subnet mask until Hellos stop.
  4. Enable an OSPF DR with interface priority 255 on every PC.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Passive-interface suppresses OSPF Hellos and neighbor formation on the selected client VLAN while permitting the connected network to be represented in the routing process. This is appropriate where no authorized router should establish an adjacency. Keep OSPF active on transit links that actually need neighbors, and verify advertised network reachability.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Removing OSPF globally would withdraw legitimate routing information and transit adjacencies. The requirement is only to suppress neighbors on the user-facing VLAN.

C:

Changing the network mask can disrupt addressing but does not represent the protocol’s intentional passive-interface control. OSPF Hello behavior is configured separately.

D:

Ordinary endpoints are not OSPF router neighbors, and DR election does not prevent undesired Hello transmission from the gateway. Passive-interface directly addresses the control-plane exposure.

Question 370

Two OSPF routers share an Ethernet subnet, have matching area 0 and Hello/Dead timers, and can ping each other. A new interface ACL permits ICMP but denies IP protocol 89 between the peers. The OSPF neighbor disappears. What needs attention?

  1. Permit TCP destination port 89 and keep IP protocol 89 blocked.
  2. Permit OSPF protocol 89 control packets between the authorized neighbors while retaining other approved filters.
  3. Change the router DNS search suffix to match the peer.
  4. Lower both routers’ OSPF administrative distances to zero.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

OSPFv2 exchanges protocol 89 packets directly over IP rather than using TCP or UDP ports. Successful ICMP ping proves some Layer 3 reachability but not that OSPF Hello traffic can pass the ACL. The filter must allow the routing control protocol on the neighbor-facing segment for adjacency to form.

Incorrect Answers

A:

OSPF is its own IP protocol number, not a TCP service whose destination port happens to be 89. A TCP ACE will not pass the actual OSPF Hellos.

C:

DNS settings do not control OSPF packet admission or area negotiation. The stated filter is directly blocking the routing protocol.

D:

Administrative distance affects preference of learned routes, not the receipt of protocol 89 Hellos. The neighbor cannot form while control packets are denied.