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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 35

Question 340

A route summary 10.90.216.0/21 is advertised upstream, but several component networks are not allocated. Which optional IPv4 static route can deliberately discard traffic to unused parts of that aggregate when no specific child route exists?

  1. `ip route 10.90.216.0 255.255.248.0 Null0` as a carefully scoped summary discard route.
  2. `ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Null0` for the entire router.
  3. `ip route 10.90.216.0 255.255.255.0 Null0` as the entire aggregate.
  4. Turn off IP routing and rely on the route advertisement.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A Null0 static route provides a deterministic discard path for otherwise unroutable addresses within an advertised summary. Active more-specific routes to allocated child networks still win through longest-prefix matching, while missing children do not loop back through a default. The /21 mask covers third octets 216 through 223 and must match the actual aggregate plan.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A global default Null0 route could discard unrelated traffic from many networks. The requirement is to discard only unused addresses inside the /21 aggregate.

C:

That /24 protects only the first child network, not the full eight /24-size range of a /21. It does not cover the intended aggregate holes.

D:

Disabling forwarding would disrupt all legitimate child prefixes. A scoped Null0 summary is the intended targeted loop-prevention mechanism.

Question 341

A branch has a static backup through next hop 192.0.2.2, but that gateway address is reachable ONLY over the same primary WAN that the backup is intended to replace. After the primary WAN fails, the backup never becomes active. What design flaw should be corrected?

  1. Lower the backup static distance to zero while keeping its unreachable gateway.
  2. Disable all routing protocols permanently so the configured route text stays visible.
  3. The backup next hop must be independently resolvable through the surviving alternate link, not through the failed primary.
  4. Change only the destination hostname and leave its next hop unchanged.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A floating static can take over only when its own gateway is reachable and the configured output path remains valid. Merely assigning a high distance does not create a separate physical forwarding path. Verify next-hop resolution and failure independence so the backup remains installable after withdrawal of the preferred route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Distance changes preference but cannot make an unreachable neighbor forward packets. The backup path must exist independently.

B:

Removing dynamic routing would disrupt normal operation and still not resolve the unavailable next hop. A static command may exist without an installed path.

D:

DNS or host labels do not repair failed next-hop reachability. The problem is a physical and routing dependency on the primary WAN.

Question 342

A Cisco router has a static route for a remote /24 and the operator wants to verify exactly which static routes are active without scrolling through every dynamic route. Which command is suitable?

  1. `show ip route static` to inspect installed IPv4 static entries.
  2. `show spanning-tree`, which enumerates all Layer 3 static routes.
  3. `show cdp neighbors detail`, which lists every remote static prefix.
  4. `show arp`, which shows every static destination network.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The static route filter presents currently installed static-source IPv4 routes and can confirm destination, next hop and route availability. Checking the full configuration also distinguishes a configured route from one absent from the active RIB. This is more direct than an OSPF neighbor command when the question specifically asks about static-route installation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Spanning Tree output concerns Layer 2 loop-free forwarding per VLAN. IP static-route installation belongs to the routing table, not the STP database.

C:

CDP identifies directly attached Cisco neighbors and ports but does not show the active IPv4 static RIB entries. It cannot verify a configured remote network route.

D:

ARP lists IPv4 neighbor-to-MAC associations and will not reliably enumerate installed /24 routes. It can complement next-hop reachability checks but is not a substitute for the static-route view.

Question 343

A router needs an IPv6 default route through a neighbor that only supplies link-local next hop `fe80::2` on GigabitEthernet0/1. Which fully scoped static-route form is appropriate?

  1. `ipv6 route ::/0 fe80::2` without an outgoing interface in a multi-interface link-local setting.
  2. `ipv6 route ff00::/8 GigabitEthernet0/1 fe80::2` because ff00 covers all IPv6 hosts.
  3. `ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 fe80::2` because IPv4 static syntax applies to IPv6 gateways.
  4. `ipv6 route ::/0 GigabitEthernet0/1 fe80::2` with the egress interface given.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Link-local IPv6 addresses have only local-link scope, so a router cannot identify the intended adjacent next hop from that address alone when multiple interfaces exist. The exit interface scopes `fe80::2` to its correct LAN. The `::/0` destination provides a default fallback for IPv6 destinations without more-specific matches.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The link-local next hop alone can be ambiguous because the same FE80 address may exist on unrelated links. The fully specified route includes the proper egress scope.

B:

`ff00::/8` is IPv6 multicast space, not the entire unicast destination universe. A default route must be `::/0`.

C:

The IPv4 `ip route` command does not express an IPv6 destination or next hop. Cisco IPv6 static routing uses the `ipv6 route` family.

Question 344

A branch configures an IPv4 static route to 10.96.49.144/28 with next hop 192.0.2.86 but incorrectly enters `255.255.255.224` as the mask. What is the direct subnetting risk?

  1. A /27 is narrower than /28 and therefore cannot affect unrelated destinations.
  2. The /27 mask makes 10.96.49.144 an unaligned IPv4 destination, so IOS can reject the static route rather than installing the intended /28.
  3. Using a dotted mask instead of a CIDR slash is itself invalid in Cisco IOS.
  4. The route cannot work because next-hop IPv4 addresses are forbidden in static routes.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The /28 subnet starts at .144 and ends at .159, so its correct IOS mask is 255.255.255.240. A /27 has 32-address boundaries at .128 and .160; .144 is not a valid /27 network address. On Cisco IOS, a static route entered with a misaligned destination and mask can be rejected as an inconsistent address/mask combination. Fix the mask to match the intended /28 before checking forwarding.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Shortening the prefix from 28 to 27 makes the route broader, not narrower. It could include a second /28 and break segmentation.

C:

Cisco IPv4 static syntax normally uses a dotted mask, so its presence is expected. The wrong mask value is the issue.

D:

An adjacent IPv4 gateway is a standard valid static next-hop form. Correct destination specificity is the actual requirement.

Question 345

A Cisco router uses an IPv6 static route pointing to global-unicast next hop `2001:db8:1::2`. The route stops working after the connected interface goes down. Why might the static route no longer provide forwarding?

  1. A global IPv6 next hop must always be paired with the identical IPv4 gateway.
  2. The configured next hop is no longer resolvable through an active adjacency, even though the static route text still exists.
  3. Static routes are never affected by link state and must remain fully operational during every interface outage.
  4. The route failed because a /64 IPv6 prefix cannot be statically routed.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Static route configuration and actual usable forwarding state are different. A global IPv6 next-hop route needs a reachable path to the next-hop neighbor before the router can forward through it. Once the underlying connected interface is down, the route can become unavailable until that dependency is restored or a valid alternative path is provided.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IPv4 and IPv6 next-hop routing are separate control planes. A global IPv6 next hop does not require a corresponding IPv4 address to forward IPv6 packets.

C:

A configured route cannot deliver traffic through an unavailable interface without another usable path. Reachability and route installation still matter despite manual configuration.

D:

IPv6 static routes support a range of prefix lengths including /64. The observed failure is associated with next-hop reachability, not a forbidden prefix length.

Question 346

A Cisco IPv6 router already reaches global-unicast next hop 2001:db8:ffff:1::12. It must add a static route to remote prefix 2001:db8:66:16::/64. Which statement uses the correct IPv6 route form?

  1. `ipv6 route 2001:db8:66:16::/48 2001:db8:ffff:1::12`.
  2. `ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8:ffff:1::12`.
  3. `ipv6 route 2001:db8:66:16::/64 2001:db8:ffff:1::12`.
  4. `ip route 2001:db8:66:16::/64 2001:db8:ffff:1::12`.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Cisco IOS IPv6 static routing uses `ipv6 route`, a destination IPv6 prefix and a reachable IPv6 next-hop address or an appropriate exit interface. The specified remote network is 2001:db8:66:16::/64, and 2001:db8:ffff:1::12 is the globally scoped next-hop IP. An IPv4 `ip route` cannot describe this address family, and the prefix length must be maintained.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A /48 would cover many more /64 networks than the stated 2001:db8:66:16::/64. It is not the requested exact remote subnet.

B:

An IPv6 default route would cover all destinations lacking a better route. The case requires only the specific remote /64, so /0 is overly broad.

D:

The IPv4 static command does not accept colon-hex IPv6 network/next-hop addresses in this form. IPv6 requires its own command family.

Question 347

An engineer configures a static route with a valid destination but an unreachable next-hop IP. `show ip route static` does not show the expected installed route. What should be verified?

  1. The access switch MAC table aging timer on an unrelated VLAN.
  2. The local NTP stratum number, because route installation waits for time sync.
  3. The reachability and recursive resolution of the configured next-hop address.
  4. The hostname of the remote server only.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A next-hop-based static route must resolve to an available outgoing path for forwarding. If the next hop is not reachable through a connected or other valid route, the candidate may not be installed in the active RIB. Check the actual next-hop subnet and interface state before modifying unrelated ACLs or redistributing routes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

MAC aging can affect local bridging but does not make a remote next-hop subnet routable by itself. The missing route’s next-hop IP reachability must be established.

B:

NTP synchronization helps clocks and logs but ordinarily does not determine whether a configured static route can resolve its next hop. The path must be usable at Layer 3.

D:

Static routing operates on numeric destination prefixes and reachable next-hop IPs; hostnames are not prerequisites for route installation. DNS spelling cannot repair an unresolved next hop.

Question 348

An IPv6 network `2001:db8:77::/64` is learned by a dynamic routing protocol at administrative distance 110. A standby static route to the SAME /64 uses next-hop `2001:db8:ffff::2` but needs to remain inactive until the dynamic route is withdrawn. What static-route attribute is required?

  1. Configure an IPv6 static administrative distance greater than 110 and below 255, with a resolvable alternate next hop.
  2. Use the default static distance one, which is less preferred than 110.
  3. Change the static destination to `::/0` and assume it is an identical backup.
  4. Set the static distance to 255 so it installs only after every route fails.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

IPv6 static routes can be floating backups, just as IPv4 static routes can. The static route needs a higher eligible distance than the preferred dynamic source to remain less preferred for the identical prefix. A valid alternate next hop and active outgoing interface are necessary before the backup can actually forward.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A distance of one is more preferred, not less. It would make the static route primary while both candidates are eligible.

C:

An IPv6 default route covers every otherwise unmatched destination, not the exact /64. It would not be an equivalent same-prefix standby.

D:

Cisco marks distance 255 as unusable rather than a normal floating candidate. A working backup needs a value less than 255.

Question 349

An IPv6 router is the last internal hop before the upstream provider 2001:db8:ff::22. It needs one fallback route for all otherwise unmatched IPv6 destinations. Which syntax configures that default route?

  1. `ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 2001:db8:ff::22`.
  2. `ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8:ff::22`.
  3. `ipv6 route ::1/128 2001:db8:ff::22`.
  4. `ipv6 route ff00::/8 2001:db8:ff::22`.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The IPv6 prefix ::/0 has zero fixed bits and matches every IPv6 destination when no longer matching usable route exists. A static route can point to a reachable global-unicast next hop such as 2001:db8:ff::22. This belongs to IPv6 routing and does not create the IPv4 0.0.0.0/0 default route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The IPv4 route command does not accept the IPv6 next hop 2001:db8:ff::22 as a conventional IPv4 address. The two address families need separate route configuration.

C:

::1/128 represents the IPv6 loopback host address, not the entire IPv6 address space. It cannot be a general upstream fallback.

D:

ff00::/8 is IPv6 multicast space, not a catch-all unicast default. The gateway-of-last-resort prefix is ::/0.

Question 350

A branch uses a single uplink and has a reachable 0.0.0.0/0 static route. A specific server subnet must instead use a private WAN next hop. How should the router direct only the server traffic?

  1. Install a more-specific route for the server prefix via the private WAN next hop.
  2. Change the server VLAN name without modifying the route table.
  3. Replace the default route with a route to only the server subnet.
  4. Keep two identical /0 routes and rely on DNS to select the private WAN.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Packet forwarding uses the longest matching prefix among installed routes. Adding a specific server-subnet route causes that destination to use the private WAN while unrelated unknown destinations continue using the default uplink. Validate return routing and next-hop reachability; an additional /0 route alone cannot express this selective destination rule.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A VLAN label is Layer 2 configuration metadata and has no direct effect on an upstream router’s longest-prefix decision. The path must be expressed in the installed routing information.

C:

Removing the general default would break reachability to unrelated destinations that currently depend on it. The requirement is selective override, not elimination of Internet fallback.

D:

DNS returns addresses but does not tell an IP router to choose a next hop based on destination prefix policy. Identical default routes are too broad for one server subnet.