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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 39

Question 380

Two single-area OSPF routers exchange Hellos on Ethernet and reach 2-WAY, but the routing engineer expects every router on a four-router broadcast LAN to have FULL state with every other router. Which design rule addresses that expectation?

  1. Force every interface priority to zero so all routers become DRs.
  2. Assign a different OSPF area to each router to force FULL.
  3. FULL adjacencies are normally formed with the DR/BDR, while two DROTHER routers can remain 2-WAY on a broadcast segment.
  4. Disable OSPF on the DR and BDR to make DROTHER peers automatically adjacent.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A broadcast OSPF network uses a designated router and backup to avoid maintaining a full mesh of database adjacencies. Two non-DR routers recognize each other as neighbors in 2-WAY state without necessarily synchronizing full adjacency directly. Inspect the DR/BDR relationships before declaring those pairs defective.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Priority zero excludes routers from DR/BDR election and would not create the desired full mesh. At least one eligible router is needed for the ordinary broadcast design.

B:

Area mismatch prevents the ordinary neighbor relationship, rather than increasing adjacency coverage. Peers on the same segment need compatible area settings.

D:

Removing the elected routers is disruptive and does not make broadcast OSPF require a complete adjacency mesh. The expected state is a feature of the network type.

Question 381

Router R1 uses `router ospf 10` and R2 uses `router ospf 20`. They share a routed link, use distinct router IDs, matching area 0, timers and authentication, and are exchanging Hellos successfully. A teammate says the differing process IDs must block adjacency. Which answer is correct?

  1. OSPF process IDs are local to each router and need not match across the link.
  2. R2 must change its process ID to 10 before any OSPF neighbor can form.
  3. Both routers must use an identical router ID if the process IDs differ.
  4. The only valid solution is to disable OSPF and use RIP.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Cisco IOS OSPF process numbers select and identify a routing process locally on the device. They are not compared as a required neighbor Hello parameter across separate routers. Matching area ID, timers, authentication and other interface conditions are what matter for adjacency, so the two local process IDs can differ.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Cisco IOS does not require identical local OSPF process numbers on both neighbors. Changing the process ID is not the stated interoperability prerequisite.

C:

OSPF router IDs must be unique for reliable operation. Duplicating them would create a real adjacency problem rather than fix a nonexistent process-ID mismatch.

D:

OSPF supports routers with different local process numbers. There is no reason to replace the protocol when actual neighbor parameters match.

Question 382

Two distribution routers share a user VLAN, and hosts cannot be reconfigured every time one gateway fails. Which first-hop redundancy concept directly addresses the requirement?

  1. Manually change each host default gateway to the other router after a failure.
  2. Configure only a DNS round-robin record for the two router addresses.
  3. An FHRP virtual default gateway IP/MAC address shared by cooperating routers.
  4. Use LACP to combine different routing devices into one host default gateway.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

First-hop redundancy protocols such as HSRP or VRRP present a virtual gateway identity to hosts while routers coordinate active forwarding ownership. When the active router becomes unavailable, an eligible peer can assume the virtual IP/MAC role without requiring every client to change its default gateway. Availability still depends on correct VLAN connectivity and upstream routes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That may recover some hosts but does not meet the transparent failover requirement. FHRP is designed to avoid per-client administrative changes during gateway outages.

B:

DNS controls name resolution, but hosts forward off-subnet packets to a configured IP default gateway, not to a DNS alias list. It cannot replace FHRP virtual gateway behavior.

D:

LACP aggregates compatible Ethernet member links; it does not by itself elect an active router to own a shared Layer 3 gateway identity. FHRP supplies that service.

Question 383

A dual-router LAN uses HSRP. The active router loses its upstream WAN but its LAN interface stays up, so hosts continue sending to an unusable first hop. What redundancy control can improve behavior?

  1. Enable PortFast on the LAN as the only WAN health monitor.
  2. HSRP object/interface tracking that reduces effective priority when the upstream path fails.
  3. Increase the active router’s priority permanently and disable tracking.
  4. Configure a second DNS zone for the WAN interface address.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

HSRP tracking can monitor a specified interface or supported object and decrement active-router priority when a critical upstream path becomes unavailable. If the resulting priorities and preemption policy permit it, a healthier peer can take over the virtual gateway. This addresses failures beyond a simple LAN port-down event; monitor the actual critical path rather than unrelated interfaces.

Incorrect Answers

A:

PortFast changes STP edge-port convergence; it does not inspect the router’s upstream WAN health or decrement HSRP priority. The failure is beyond the LAN interface.

C:

A fixed high priority can keep an upstream-broken router active, prolonging blackholing. The requirement is for its effective priority to reflect loss of the forwarding path.

D:

DNS may help applications resolve hostnames but does not control HSRP active/standby state. A failed uplink needs routing/first-hop tracking logic.

Question 384

An HSRP pair shares virtual IP 10.92.10.254. The active member loses power, but the standby stays reachable to local clients and upstream routing is valid. What normal FHRP behavior is expected?

  1. The pair must wait for an external DNS update before the standby forwards.
  2. All local VLAN switches must relearn new IP routes from the client’s ARP cache.
  3. The standby member becomes active and continues answering for the configured virtual gateway.
  4. Every client must manually change its default gateway to the standby’s physical IP.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

HSRP is designed to protect the first-hop default-gateway identity. When an active router fails and the peer detects the loss, an eligible standby can assume the active role and maintain the virtual IP/MAC service 10.92.10.254 for hosts. Failover depends on peer state and timers; it is not a replacement for upstream path availability.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Default-gateway packet routing does not depend on DNS labels of the gateway routers. An HSRP peer can take over based on its protocol control state.

B:

ARP provides neighbor mapping, but the host does not select new routing destinations to recover FHRP. The virtual gateway behavior and switch MAC learning handle forwarding changes.

D:

A primary purpose of a virtual gateway protocol is transparent takeover without touching each host IP configuration. Clients continue to use the virtual address.

Question 385

Router A is currently HSRP active with priority 100. Router B has recovered with priority 122, but A stays active. Management wants B to resume active forwarding automatically whenever healthy. What configuration capability is required on B?

  1. Disable IPv4 routing on the current active router to force an outage.
  2. Enable HSRP preemption on the higher-priority router, with an appropriate recovery delay if needed.
  3. Change the virtual gateway address on both devices every time B recovers.
  4. Configure an even higher priority without enabling preemption.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

HSRP priority 122 makes Router B preferred at an election, but a recovered higher-priority standby does not necessarily displace the existing active router without preemption. The `standby ... preempt` behavior allows B to reclaim the active role under supported conditions. A delay can help B regain routing stability before it takes over.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Deliberately disabling forwarding may create failover but is disruptive and does not establish the desired automatic preference when both routers are healthy.

C:

The virtual IP is intended to remain stable for hosts, even as active responsibility moves. Manual gateway renumbering defeats transparent first-hop redundancy.

D:

Raising priority alone does not guarantee that a recovered standby will take over from an already active device. Preempt behavior is the missing mechanism.

Question 386

An HSRP group has Router A priority 110 and Router B priority 100. Both are healthy, preemption is enabled on B only, and Router A is currently active. The operator lowers A to priority 90 without power loss. What additional condition affects whether B becomes active?

  1. Router A remains permanently active regardless of B’s priority and preemption state.
  2. B must be eligible to preempt the lower-priority active router and both devices must see compatible HSRP group state.
  3. HSRP automatically forces both routers to forward with the same virtual MAC simultaneously as active peers.
  4. The switch STP root bridge must first change to B’s MAC before HSRP can compare priorities.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

HSRP priorities determine preferred active membership while preemption controls whether a higher-priority standby takes over a still-active peer. After A decreases to 90, B with 100 can become preferred when preemption and connectivity are operative. Verify group membership, preempt state and timers instead of assuming any priority change instantly transfers roles.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A working eligible higher-priority peer can take over when the configuration permits preemption. HSRP state is not permanently tied to the first router that booted.

C:

Normal HSRP uses one active member per group with standby redundancy, not two concurrently active gateways for the same group. Preemption affects which eligible peer holds that role.

D:

HSRP and spanning-tree elect separate roles using different state. A root bridge change is not a prerequisite to HSRP group priority/preemption.

Question 387

A branch HSRP router is configured for preemption and should not become active immediately after a reload, before its routing table converges. What HSRP setting controls the intentional handback delay?

  1. Disable all standby hello messages so the recovering device cannot be noticed.
  2. Use an HSRP preemption delay so routing and upstream links can stabilize before taking the active role.
  3. Raise the SVI VLAN number so the router is temporarily less preferred.
  4. Use `no ip routing` as the HSRP delay mechanism.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

HSRP supports a configurable preempt delay, including reload or minimum timing on appropriate IOS XE platforms. It prevents an eager higher-priority device from taking over before the required route and interface state settles. This protects host forwarding consistency while retaining ordinary priority-based active selection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Hello messages are used to maintain HSRP neighbor and election state. Suppressing them undermines availability rather than providing controlled handback.

C:

VLAN ID is a Layer 2 segment identifier and does not set HSRP restart timing. Use the explicit preempt delay feature.

D:

Disabling IP routing disrupts the very gateway forwarding needed for failover. It is not a supported mechanism to wait for convergence.

Question 388

The network team uses a first-hop redundancy protocol to share one virtual gateway on a VLAN. Which address pair is intended to remain stable when active ownership moves to the backup?

  1. The virtual gateway IP and its corresponding virtual MAC identity.
  2. The DNS MX record of the company email domain.
  3. Each router’s unique physical interface IP and MAC must become identical.
  4. The switch access VLAN number only, regardless of router availability.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

In protocols such as HSRP, the active device answers for a virtual IP and MAC used by hosts on the VLAN. During failover the standby assumes that shared identity, so clients do not need to rewrite their default-router settings or learn a completely different gateway concept. Convergence and ARP/neighbor behavior should still be monitored during changes.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Mail exchanger records direct email delivery and have no role in the hosts’ Layer 3 first-hop gateway identity on a VLAN.

C:

Routers retain distinct real addresses for management and peer communication. FHRP shares a virtual identity rather than duplicating every physical IP and MAC on both devices.

D:

The VLAN ID identifies a Layer 2 broadcast domain but does not itself route traffic out of the subnet. FHRP provides the stable gateway endpoint that belongs within that VLAN.

Question 389

An administrator needs to verify whether Router B is currently HSRP standby, what its active peer is and which virtual IPv4 address belongs to the group, without altering configuration. Which IOS XE operational command is suitable?

  1. Use `show spanning-tree root` because HSRP roles are always identical to spanning-tree root roles.
  2. Use `show ip route` only, because each HSRP group appears as a dynamic OSPF routing protocol.
  3. Use `show standby brief` or an appropriate detailed `show standby` interface display and inspect active/standby state.
  4. Change the virtual gateway address on both routers until users regain reachability.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The HSRP operational display reports group virtual IP, local state, configured priority and active/standby members. It is a read-only way to check whether failover worked, rather than relying on clients noticing a gateway outage. Correlate the observed member addresses and interface to the intended VLAN.

Incorrect Answers

A:

STP controls bridged forwarding while HSRP manages the first-hop virtual gateway. Their elections can differ and one display cannot substitute for the other.

B:

A route table may contain the connected client subnet but does not directly list HSRP active/standby peer and group virtual identity. HSRP uses separate operational state.

D:

Altering the gateway during diagnosis can disrupt working hosts and hides the true failover state. Read the existing HSRP output first.

Question 390

An HSRP active router continues responding to LAN clients even after its tracked upstream interface fails. Router B has priority 100; A normally has 120. What tracking decrement would make A’s effective priority LOWER than B when its upstream goes down?

  1. Exactly 10 points, because any nonzero decrement guarantees a lower priority.
  2. At least 21 priority points, taking A below 100, assuming the tracking and preemption behavior is configured correctly.
  3. Exactly 20 points, because equal priority always forces Router B to preempt A.
  4. Set the decrement to zero and increase the HSRP virtual MAC address.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

HSRP object tracking subtracts a configured decrement from the active router’s base priority when the monitored object fails. With A at 120 and B at 100, a decrement of 20 only creates a tie while 21 reduces A to 99. For a deliberate transition, confirm B’s preemption configuration and whether it can actually forward upstream after takeover.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A would still have effective priority 110, higher than B’s 100. The decrement must cross the peer’s priority rather than merely change the number.

C:

A decrement of 20 produces 100 versus 100. A deterministic requirement to be LOWER needs at least 21, independent of election tie-breakers.

D:

A zero decrement leaves A at 120 and does not signal loss of upstream forwarding. Virtual MAC format is not the mechanism for tracked priority reduction.