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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 31

Question 300

A router selects an installed connected route for host 192.0.2.50 on Ethernet Gi0/0 but has no ARP entry for that host. What additional Layer 2 procedure is normally needed before it transmits a usable unicast Ethernet frame?

  1. Re-run OSPF DR election before each Ethernet frame.
  2. Translate the packet with PAT even when no NAT is configured.
  3. ARP resolution for the destination IPv4 neighbor on Gi0/0.
  4. Replace the destination IPv4 address with the switch MAC table entry.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The routing table establishes that the host is on-link but does not inherently reveal its Ethernet hardware address. The router normally sends ARP to resolve the destination IPv4 address and then encapsulates the IP packet in a frame for that neighbor. A successful longest-prefix lookup and a known Layer 2 adjacency are separate requirements.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A directly connected host does not need per-packet OSPF neighbor election. ARP is the on-link IPv4 address-to-MAC resolution protocol.

B:

NAT is an optional address-translation feature at a policy boundary. It does not substitute for local Ethernet neighbor resolution on a connected network.

D:

IP destination addressing is retained for the routed packet; Ethernet encapsulation uses the resolved neighbor MAC. A bridge forwarding table is not a replacement IPv4 destination.

Question 301

A router has an installed 10.19.76.0/24 through provider A, a 10.19.0.0/16 through provider B and a default through ISP C. It receives a packet for 10.19.77.15. Which route applies?

  1. The /24 via A because a /24 is always longer than a /16.
  2. The 10.19.0.0/16 via B because the /24 covers 10.19.76.x only.
  3. The ISP default because 10.19.77 is absent from the /24 route.
  4. Both A and B because the routes have a common 10.19 prefix.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The destination has third octet 77, so it is outside the 10.19.76.0/24 network. The broader 10.19.0.0/16 covers it and is longer than the default route. Longest-prefix lookup must check containment, not simply choose the longest mask present anywhere in the table.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The /24 has higher specificity only for destinations inside its 10.19.76.x range. It does not match this address in the adjacent 77 network.

C:

The /16 still covers any 10.19.x.x address. The default is not chosen while this more-specific covering entry is installed.

D:

A is a nonmatching /24 for this packet. Overlap of textual address components does not create equal-cost forwarding.

Question 302

Two valid static routes to 198.51.100.0/24 are configured through next hops 192.0.2.2 and 192.0.2.3. The first has administrative distance 1 and the second distance 20. What does the difference mean for route installation?

  1. Both paths are necessarily equal-cost because the destinations are /24.
  2. The distance-20 candidate is preferred because higher distances have stronger trust.
  3. The router forwards packets to both next hops based solely on which IP is numerically smaller.
  4. The distance-one path is the preferred static candidate; the distance-20 path is a higher-distance backup.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The destination prefixes are identical, so the two configured static paths compete at the route-source selection step. Lower administrative distance one is normally selected while its next hop can resolve. The distance-20 candidate is not equivalent ECMP and may become usable if the preferred candidate disappears.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Equal prefix lengths do not force equal source preference. Their administrative distances are intentionally different, which prevents ordinary equal-distance multipath.

B:

Cisco administrative distance uses smaller numbers for more-preferred eligible routes. The high-distance path is intended to be less preferred.

C:

Static-route preference is not determined by lexical next-hop ordering. The specified distances provide the selection criterion.

Question 303

Router R1 receives packet 10.104.86.17. Its only route commands include a static route to 10.104.86.0/24 via an unreachable neighbor and a valid default route via ISP. The static /24 never installs. What happens?

  1. The router always uses the configured /24 regardless of next-hop reachability.
  2. The router copies the packet to the unresolved /24 and the default at the same time.
  3. The valid default can forward the packet, because the unresolved /24 is not an installed eligible route.
  4. The packet must be dropped because any /24 command suppresses all defaults.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Cisco must resolve a static next hop before the destination route can participate in the active forwarding table. A configured but unresolved /24 cannot override an installed 0.0.0.0/0 route. Verify the configured static and neighbor reachability, because working default forwarding may conceal a specific WAN routing defect.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An uninstalled static route cannot supply a usable egress adjacency. Text in configuration is not sufficient for forwarding.

B:

These are not eligible equal-cost routes. The active default is the remaining matching installed path when the specific route is absent.

D:

An unresolved static statement does not invalidate the default. The route table’s active entries decide whether a covering path exists.

Question 304

A Cisco device has an installed OSPF route to 10.169.155.0/24 and a backup static statement for the exact same network configured with administrative distance 255. Which statement about that static candidate is correct?

  1. Administrative distance 255 denotes an untrusted route that will not be installed, so it is not a usable floating backup.
  2. Distance 255 creates the best backup because larger means more trusted.
  3. Distance 255 makes the static path equal-cost with OSPF distance 110.
  4. The static route always wins by longest prefix because it has the same /24.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Cisco administrative distance values below 255 can rank competing eligible route sources. The value 255 is reserved to mark a route as unusable for normal installation; it is not simply the lowest-priority valid floating static choice. A functional static backup needs a valid higher-than-primary distance below 255 and a resolvable next hop.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Higher distances are less preferred, and the value 255 is the unusable limit. It does not supply an operational emergency route.

C:

These values differ substantially and do not produce equal-cost paths. A route at distance 255 is not installed as an eligible alternative.

D:

Two identical /24s do not differ in destination specificity. Source preference and eligibility matter, and a 255-distance route is ineligible.

Question 305

A router learns 10.25.0.0/16 via OSPF and a distinct more-specific 10.25.243.0/24 through a static route, but a packet is destined to 10.25.244.22. Which prefix is eligible to forward that packet?

  1. The installed OSPF 10.25.0.0/16; the static /24 does not cover the 244 third octet.
  2. The 10.25.243.0/24 static because static distance is lower.
  3. The router must use the default because a narrower /24 exists elsewhere.
  4. Both the static /24 and OSPF /16 using equal-cost multipath.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The /24 specifically contains destinations 10.25.243.0 through 10.25.243.255. Address 10.25.244.22 lies outside that block, even though a /24 is ordinarily more specific than a /16. The installed /16 is the longest actual match, illustrating the need to test prefix containment before preference.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Administrative distance cannot turn a nonmatching destination prefix into a matching route. The packet is in the 244 subnet.

C:

A valid 10.25.0.0/16 still covers this address and is more specific than default. Unrelated /24 entries do not suppress it.

D:

The static /24 does not contain the destination and the prefix lengths differ. This cannot form an ECMP pair for that packet.

Question 306

An IPv6 router has `::/0` installed via a provider and `2001:db8:abcd::/48` installed toward an internal WAN. It receives a packet for `2001:db8:abce::3`. Which route is used?

  1. The internal /48 because a nearby hexadecimal hextet also matches.
  2. Both routes because an IPv6 /48 is always preferred even when it does not match.
  3. Drop the packet because IPv6 cannot have a default route.
  4. The IPv6 default `::/0`, because `2001:db8:abce` does not match the internal `abcd` /48.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The /48 route fixes the first three 16-bit hextets; `abcd` and `abce` are different third-hextet values. Therefore the packet is outside the internal prefix despite looking numerically close. With no other matching specific route, the installed IPv6 default is the fallback.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IP prefixes require exact matching of fixed bits. `abce` differs from `abcd` inside the first 48 bits, making the internal route inapplicable.

B:

A longer prefix wins only after it matches the destination. This /48 is not eligible for the packet and cannot join the default as ECMP.

C:

The IPv6 default is validly expressed as ::/0 and can forward otherwise unmatched destinations. The scenario states one is installed and usable.

Question 307

A host destination matches installed /8, /16 and /24 routes from different route sources. The /24 has a higher administrative distance than the /16. Which criterion selects the forwarding entry?

  1. The route with the largest routing metric, even across unrelated protocols.
  2. The default route because a specific subnet is always a secondary choice.
  3. The longest matching destination prefix, so the installed /24 route is used.
  4. The lowest administrative distance among all matching prefixes, regardless of length.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

IP packet forwarding looks up the most specific installed prefix matching the destination; a /24 is narrower than /16 or /8 and therefore wins. Administrative distance governs which source’s route for a given prefix can enter the RIB, not a competition among different already installed prefix lengths. Once installed, those routes are selected by prefix specificity.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Metrics are interpreted within a protocol’s path selection and are not a universal cross-protocol forwarding priority. An installed longest match wins the destination lookup.

B:

Default /0 applies only when no more specific installed matching route exists. Three specific routes match this destination, so falling back to /0 is incorrect.

D:

AD helps select between sources advertising the same prefix, not among different matching destination networks during forwarding. Applying it first here would ignore the /24 longer match.

Question 308

Router R3 needs an IPv6 STATIC route to 2001:db8:192::/64 using link-local next hop fe80::22. The neighbor exists on egress interface GigabitEthernet0/3, and another interface may use the same text address. Which form disambiguates the next hop?

  1. `ipv6 route 2001:db8:192::/64 fe80::22`.
  2. `ip route 2001:db8:192::/64 GigabitEthernet0/3 fe80::22`.
  3. `ipv6 route ::/0 GigabitEthernet0/3 fe80::22`.
  4. `ipv6 route 2001:db8:192::/64 GigabitEthernet0/3 fe80::22`.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

An IPv6 link-local address only identifies a neighbor relative to a specific link and can occur on multiple interfaces. IOS therefore needs the outgoing interface GigabitEthernet0/3 together with link-local next hop fe80::22 for the static route. The destination is the requested 2001:db8:192::/64 prefix, not a global default route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This omits the egress interface necessary for a link-local next hop, leaving ambiguity about which link contains fe80::22. The problem explicitly notes nonunique link-local text.

B:

`ip route` configures IPv4 paths and cannot represent this IPv6 prefix and scoped link-local neighbor. Use IPv6 static route syntax.

C:

This would use the given link-local next hop but install an IPv6 DEFAULT, not the requested exact 2001:db8:192::/64 subnet. The destination scope changes.

Question 309

For destination 10.116.151.0/25, R2 already learns a primary OSPF route with administrative distance 110. The operator wants a backup IPv4 static path through 198.51.100.111 that installs only when the OSPF route disappears. What command is appropriate?

  1. `ip route 10.116.151.0 255.255.255.128 192.0.2.101 0`.
  2. `ip route 10.116.151.0 255.255.255.128 198.51.100.111 1`.
  3. `ip route 10.116.151.0 0.0.0.127 198.51.100.111 151`.
  4. `ip route 10.116.151.0 255.255.255.128 198.51.100.111 151`.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A floating static route sets an administrative distance greater than the primary OSPF route’s 110, so the learned route normally wins when both prefixes are identical. Using backup next hop 198.51.100.111 with distance 151 makes the static a candidate when the primary route is withdrawn. A floating static is not a separate health probe; next-hop reachability still matters.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The router was told to use the backup neighbor 198.51.100.111; this command instead references 192.0.2.101 and a very low preference number. It does not implement the specified floating backup design.

B:

A static distance of 1 beats the OSPF distance of 110 and would take over immediately instead of remaining a standby path. It breaks the stated preference.

C:

The mask 0.0.0.127 is an ACL wildcard, not the expected subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The route would not identify the required destination prefix.

Question 310

A router needs to reach one management workstation at 192.0.2.123 through a special maintenance gateway, while other addresses in 192.0.2.0/24 use the existing route. Which static destination prefix provides the narrow exception?

  1. 192.0.0.0/16 via the maintenance next hop.
  2. 192.0.2.0/24 via the maintenance next hop.
  3. 0.0.0.0/0 via the maintenance next hop.
  4. 192.0.2.123/32 via the maintenance next hop.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A /32 IPv4 host route matches exactly one destination address and is more specific than the covering /24. It therefore directs only the management workstation through the special next hop while leaving other members of the subnet on the existing path. Verify that the next hop resolves and does not cause asymmetric-return-path problems.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A /16 covers numerous unrelated subnets and is not an appropriate narrow host route. It could change traffic to many destinations outside the maintenance target.

B:

A /24 route would cover every host in the subnet, unintentionally redirecting much more traffic than the one management workstation. The case specifically requires a host-only exception.

C:

The default route is the broadest possible fallback and cannot express a single-host exception. It would alter other unmatched destinations if preferred.