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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 29

Question 280

An operator configures two entries for 172.16.40.0/24, one learned from OSPF with administrative distance 110 and one static route with the default static distance 1. Both next hops are valid. What controls which entry is installed?

  1. The OSPF route always wins because all dynamic routes outrank configured routes.
  2. The route with more hosts in its subnet wins regardless of administrative distance.
  3. The static route usually takes precedence for that same prefix because its administrative distance is lower.
  4. The route with the alphabetically first interface description wins.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

For identical destination prefix lengths and addresses, IOS compares administrative distance between competing sources before installing the selected route. A normal static route at distance 1 outranks OSPF at 110 when both are valid. Packet forwarding later uses the installed route and longest-prefix match, which is a different comparison from selecting between sources for one prefix.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Route sources do not have a universal dynamic-over-static rule. The defaults in the scenario make the static source more trusted for this identical destination prefix.

B:

Both entries describe exactly the same /24 network and address space. Host capacity does not distinguish these competing routes or change their default preference.

D:

Interface description strings are operator annotations and not a routing-protocol tie-breaker. The actual administrative distance determines which source is preferred.

Question 281

A router has IPv6 routes `2001:db8:1200::/40` via an aggregation link, `2001:db8:1234::/48` via an access router, and `::/0` via the ISP. A packet targets 2001:db8:1234:7::20. Which destination entry applies?

  1. `2001:db8:1200::/40` because aggregation routes always override child routes.
  2. `2001:db8:1234::/48` via the access router.
  3. `::/0` because IPv6 uses a different forwarding algorithm from IPv4.
  4. All three routes must transmit duplicate copies by ECMP.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The IPv6 destination matches both the broad /40 aggregation range and its more-specific /48 child, while the default covers all addresses. The /48 fixes more destination bits, so it wins among the installed matches. That selection does not depend on the numeric order of the next-hop addresses.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An aggregate is used only if no more-specific installed destination prefix matches. The /48 is more precise for this packet.

C:

IPv6 and IPv4 both use longest-prefix forwarding. The default is the least-specific route and loses to the matching /48.

D:

ECMP applies to eligible equivalent paths for one destination entry, not to three different-length prefixes. Longest match selects one prefix first.

Question 282

An enterprise router learns the same 192.0.2.0/24 prefix by internal EIGRP (AD 90, composite metric 500) and OSPF (AD 110, metric 8). Both candidate next hops resolve. Which route source is preferred?

  1. OSPF because metric 8 is numerically less than 500.
  2. Internal EIGRP, because administrative distance 90 is lower than OSPF distance 110.
  3. Both routes form ECMP because their destination masks are the same.
  4. The default route because EIGRP and OSPF have no common metric formula.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

When independent protocols advertise the exact same prefix, Cisco route selection normally compares administrative distance before installing one source. EIGRP internal 90 is lower than OSPF 110, so its route is selected here. The EIGRP and OSPF metrics use different scales and cannot be compared by numerical size across protocols.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The metrics come from different protocols and cannot be compared directly as a common route score. Administrative distance differentiates these route sources.

C:

Matching destination masks create a source-selection competition, not automatically equal-cost forwarding. Their administrative distances differ, so they are not equivalent paths.

D:

The router still compares source preference by administrative distance for identical prefixes. Lack of common metric scale does not prevent installing a specific route.

Question 283

A router learns identical 203.0.113.0/24 prefixes from OSPF and from a floating static configured with administrative distance 220. OSPF goes down while the floating static next hop remains reachable. Which route-state change is expected?

  1. Both entries must stay installed as equal-cost routes when OSPF goes down.
  2. The router discards all packets to the subnet because a static route cannot become active after OSPF fails.
  3. The default route will always override any backup static route, regardless of prefix length.
  4. The floating static route may enter the routing table after the lower-distance OSPF route is withdrawn.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Administrative distance compares competing sources of the SAME prefix. While the OSPF route is valid, its usual distance of 110 keeps the intentionally higher-distance static as backup. When that route disappears and the backup next hop is resolvable, IOS can install the floating static without changing the destination prefix or needing an equal-cost tie.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A backup with distance 220 is not an equal administrative-distance OSPF path. After withdrawal the route can be installed on its own, subject to next-hop resolution.

B:

Floating static routes are specifically used as backups when the primary learned route is absent. Reachable configured next-hop state allows the route to be considered for installation.

C:

The /24 floating static is more specific than a /0 default if installed. The routing table and longest-prefix rules, not unconditional default-route preference, determine forwarding.

Question 284

Two static routes to the identical 192.0.2.0/24 destination have the same administrative distance and are both valid through independent next hops. The switch platform supports equal-cost static load sharing. What is the expected routing behavior?

  1. Only the static route with the numerically smaller next-hop IPv4 address can ever install.
  2. Both static routes must be discarded because IOS forbids more than one route to a prefix.
  3. The equal-distance static next hops can both be installed for eligible equal-cost multipath forwarding.
  4. The router must dynamically enable OSPF to load-share between static next hops.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

IOS can install multiple eligible next hops for one prefix when their administrative distance and other forwarding constraints allow equal-cost use. The traffic distribution depends on the platform’s load-sharing hash, not a guarantee that every packet alternates interfaces. The next hops remain subject to reachability and applicable maximum-path limits.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An IP address is a forwarding locator rather than a priority marker between equally eligible static routes. With supported ECMP there is no mandated lowest-address winner.

B:

Multiple next hops can be valid for one route destination. The assumption of only one entry contradicts the stated platform support for equal-cost sharing.

D:

OSPF is not a prerequisite for static ECMP on a supporting device. The two configured static routes can participate without a dynamic routing protocol process.

Question 285

A router has static host route 203.0.113.44/32 via a maintenance gateway, a connected 203.0.113.0/24 and a default route. A packet is addressed to 203.0.113.45 instead of .44. Which entry wins?

  1. The /32 via the maintenance gateway because /32 is always preferred.
  2. The default route because a host exception exists for a different address.
  3. Both next hops because the addresses differ by only one.
  4. The connected 203.0.113.0/24, because the single-host /32 exception does not match .45.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A /32 route is as specific as IPv4 routing gets, but it matches only its exact destination. Address .45 is outside the .44 host prefix and is still inside the connected /24. The router therefore uses the connected-network route for this packet rather than blindly applying the unrelated management exception.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A more-specific route can win only when its prefix actually includes the packet destination. The configured /32 covers .44, not .45.

B:

A connected /24 covers .45 and is more specific than /0. The existence of a separate /32 does not eliminate that connected route.

C:

Route lookup works on exact prefix matches, not numerical closeness or adjacency of addresses. There is no equal-cost pair for this packet.

Question 286

A router receives a packet for 10.161.81.120. It has installed routes to 10.161.81.0/26, 10.161.81.64/26 and 10.161.0.0/16. Which route is the best match?

  1. The 10.161.81.64/26 route, because last octet .120 lies between 64 and 127.
  2. 10.161.81.0/26 because it appears first in the list.
  3. 10.161.0.0/16 because any /26 route needs a separately configured default.
  4. The default route because both /26s exclude .120.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The first installed /26 covers .0–.63 and the second covers .64–.127. Destination .120 belongs to the second block, making its /26 the most specific valid match instead of the covering 10.161.0.0/16. This case requires checking exact binary subnet boundaries rather than choosing a network by textual similarity.

Incorrect Answers

B:

That subnet covers only .0 through .63, so it cannot match .120. Route order in a display is not the forwarding decision.

C:

A /26 is valid when installed and its range includes the destination. The .64/26 prefix includes .120 and supersedes the /16.

D:

The .64/26 covers last octets 64–127, including .120. The default does not win when a more-specific eligible match exists.

Question 287

A router has OSPF and RIP routes to the same 198.51.100.0/24. OSPF has AD 110 but its next hop becomes unresolved and its route disappears; RIP AD 120 remains installed and usable. What forwarding result follows?

  1. The eligible RIP route can be used for the prefix after the OSPF candidate disappears.
  2. Traffic must be dropped because OSPF had lower administrative distance before failure.
  3. The RIP route cannot ever install while the router supports OSPF.
  4. The destination must switch to the default route even though a specific RIP /24 remains.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Administrative distance ranks eligible competing routes for the same destination. Once the previously preferred OSPF path is withdrawn, its lower distance no longer gives it a usable route-table entry. The higher-distance RIP candidate can take over if its next hop resolves and its route is installed.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A failed withdrawn path is not an eternal priority. The router may use a surviving alternate route with a higher configured distance.

C:

Different routing protocols can coexist on one device. When the preferred source vanishes, another eligible source can provide the destination.

D:

A matching /24 is more specific than a /0 default. The valid RIP route provides direct forwarding preference for this destination.

Question 288

Four sources offer the EXACT same 198.51.107.0/24 route to a Cisco router: Floating static route AD 200, OSPF route AD 110, RIP route AD 120, External EIGRP route AD 170. All routes are valid and next hops reachable. Which source is installed as the preferred route?

  1. Floating static route
  2. RIP route
  3. OSPF route
  4. External EIGRP route

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

For the identical 198.51.107.0/24 prefix, Cisco route selection first compares administrative distances assigned to the competing sources. OSPF route has the lowest available AD (110), so that source is preferred. Longest-prefix selection is irrelevant because all entries describe the same prefix; metrics then rank candidate paths within the relevant routing protocol.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Floating static route advertises AD 200, which is larger than the 110 of OSPF route for the exact same destination prefix. Administrative distance selects among route sources at equal prefix length; its lower value indicates greater trust, not the highest number or the fastest protocol name.

B:

RIP route advertises AD 120, which is larger than the 110 of OSPF route for the exact same destination prefix. Administrative distance selects among route sources at equal prefix length; its lower value indicates greater trust, not the highest number or the fastest protocol name.

D:

External EIGRP route advertises AD 170, which is larger than the 110 of OSPF route for the exact same destination prefix. Administrative distance selects among route sources at equal prefix length; its lower value indicates greater trust, not the highest number or the fastest protocol name.

Question 289

An IPv4 routing table has an explicit 0.0.0.0/0 route installed through an ISP. An unknown destination 203.0.113.211 does not match any more specific installed prefix. What is the forwarding decision?

  1. Drop the packet immediately even though a valid default route is present.
  2. Send the packet out the longest IPv4 mask found for an unrelated remote network.
  3. Use the next hop of the installed default route after normal resolution and forwarding checks.
  4. Flood the packet out every connected interface as if it were an Ethernet broadcast frame.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A default route is the least-specific IPv4 prefix and matches any destination not covered by a longer installed entry. Because the destination has no more-specific route in this scenario, IOS selects the gateway of last resort if the default is valid. Its next hop must still be resolvable, and security or forwarding policies may impose additional restrictions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Without a match the packet would normally be dropped, but 0.0.0.0/0 is itself a matching entry. The premise explicitly says the default is installed and usable.

B:

Longest-prefix match applies only to entries whose network prefix covers the actual destination address. A specific route for a different subnet cannot forward this packet.

D:

An IP router makes a unicast forwarding lookup, not a bridge-like flood across all links. Default-route next-hop selection is still a directed Layer 3 operation.

Question 290

Router R1 has an active directly connected VLAN 55 route to 10.55.0.0/24 and a configured static backup to that same /24 with distance 200 through an independent WAN. Which route should be installed while the VLAN interface remains up?

  1. The connected route, because it is the locally attached eligible prefix and has lower administrative distance.
  2. The distance-200 static because a higher configured distance guarantees preference.
  3. Both must load-balance because their masks are identical.
  4. The default route because a connected prefix must never appear in the FIB.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The two paths cover the exact same destination prefix, so source preference applies. A connected route for an active interface normally has administrative distance zero, lower than the backup static at 200. The backup can become useful only if the preferred connected route disappears and the alternative next hop remains resolvable.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Administrative distance is ordered with lower values preferred. A high static distance is usually chosen to make the route a backup.

C:

Same-prefix candidates with different distances do not automatically form ECMP. The preferred connected route is selected while operational.

D:

A usable connected network is a legitimate installed route and is more specific than the default. Its direct interface is a strong preferred source.