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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 30

Question 290

Router R1 has an active directly connected VLAN 55 route to 10.55.0.0/24 and a configured static backup to that same /24 with distance 200 through an independent WAN. Which route should be installed while the VLAN interface remains up?

  1. The connected route, because it is the locally attached eligible prefix and has lower administrative distance.
  2. The distance-200 static because a higher configured distance guarantees preference.
  3. Both must load-balance because their masks are identical.
  4. The default route because a connected prefix must never appear in the FIB.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The two paths cover the exact same destination prefix, so source preference applies. A connected route for an active interface normally has administrative distance zero, lower than the backup static at 200. The backup can become useful only if the preferred connected route disappears and the alternative next hop remains resolvable.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Administrative distance is ordered with lower values preferred. A high static distance is usually chosen to make the route a backup.

C:

Same-prefix candidates with different distances do not automatically form ECMP. The preferred connected route is selected while operational.

D:

A usable connected network is a legitimate installed route and is more specific than the default. Its direct interface is a strong preferred source.

Question 291

Two OSPF paths to one /24 destination have equal administrative distance. The primary interface becomes slower after a WAN change and its calculated OSPF cost rises above the alternate path cost. What forwarding update is appropriate?

  1. OSPF may select the lower-total-cost alternate path after SPF recalculation.
  2. The costlier path remains preferred because it was installed first.
  3. The higher-cost route becomes preferred because OSPF metrics reward large numbers.
  4. The router must discard the /24 because its two OSPF candidates differ in cost.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

OSPF route metrics reflect its cost model, which can change with interface cost or reference-bandwidth configuration. When two eligible OSPF paths cover the same prefix and have different total cost, the lower cost is preferred. The chosen next hop should be verified in the installed route table after the routing process converges.

Incorrect Answers

B:

OSPF can recalculate its shortest-path tree when costs change. An earlier installation time is not a guarantee of ongoing priority.

C:

OSPF uses lower path costs as the desirable result. A cost increase can make an alternate eligible path preferable.

D:

Differing eligible costs are a normal best-path selection condition, not necessarily an error. The lower-cost candidate can remain installed.

Question 292

A router has routes 10.86.200.0/25 via R1, 10.86.200.128/25 via R2 and an ISP default. A packet is destined for 10.86.201.12. Which next hop is selected?

  1. R1 because 10.86.200.0/25 is the first route displayed.
  2. R2 because .128/25 represents every 10.86 address.
  3. Both R1 and R2 because the routes share an original /24.
  4. The installed default route because neither of the 10.86.200.x /25s contains 10.86.201.12.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The two /25s together cover 10.86.200.0/24 only, not a destination in the next third-octet /24. Longest-prefix forwarding first discards nonmatching entries. With no other stated covering prefix, 0.0.0.0/0 becomes the only valid installed match.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Display order cannot make a prefix cover a different third-octet destination. This /25 stops at 10.86.200.127.

B:

The .128/25 covers last octets 128–255 within 10.86.200, not the separate 10.86.201 prefix. It does not match the packet.

C:

Neither /25 contains the destination, so their relationship to each other is irrelevant. There are no two equal matching forwarding paths here.

Question 293

A router has a static route to 10.90.0.0/16 via next hop 192.0.2.9. Its connected table has 192.0.2.0/24 on Gi0/1. Which additional lookup identifies the physical egress for packets routed to 10.90.1.1?

  1. Always use the interface where the packet entered, regardless of routing state.
  2. Forward via the ISP default without resolving the static next hop.
  3. Send a frame using the router’s own IP address as a destination MAC.
  4. Resolve next hop 192.0.2.9 through connected 192.0.2.0/24, then use Gi0/1.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The static destination lookup selects 10.90.0.0/16, but the route specifies a next-hop IP rather than a final Layer 2 adjacency. Recursive resolution searches for reachability to 192.0.2.9 and finds the connected Gi0/1 network. Neighbor resolution on Gi0/1 then supplies the Ethernet destination needed to forward the packet.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Ingress and egress interfaces can differ. The static route and its resolved next hop determine the outbound path.

B:

The destination has an installed specific static route and its next hop is connected. The default is less specific and does not replace that resolution.

C:

IP addresses do not serve as Ethernet destination MACs. Neighbor resolution supplies a proper link-layer address for the selected next hop.

Question 294

A site aggregates several internal /24 networks under 10.150.72.0/21 and installs a static summary route to Null0. It also has a valid more-specific route to 10.150.76.0/24 through its distribution router. What happens to a packet for 10.150.76.50?

  1. The /24 distribution route wins, so the packet is not discarded by the covering Null0 summary.
  2. The Null0 /21 always discards packets even when an installed child /24 matches.
  3. The router duplicates the packet to the distribution router and Null0.
  4. The default route wins because Null0 is not a physical interface.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Null0 can act as a discard target for a summary to prevent routing loops for unallocated portions of an aggregate. Longest-prefix matching still prefers a live /24 child of the /21 summary when the destination falls inside that child. The Null0 aggregate catches only addresses without a more-specific eligible path.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The Null0 route is less specific than the matching /24. Its discard action does not override longest-prefix routing to valid child networks.

C:

A covering summary and a more-specific route do not form equal-cost paths. The forwarding lookup selects the single more-specific prefix.

D:

Null0 is a valid logical discard destination in a route entry. The installed /24 is still longer than both /21 and /0 and wins here.

Question 295

A router learns 10.158.0.0/16 via OSPF and also has a static route to 10.158.63.0/24 through a WAN link. The static route is administratively disabled but remains in the saved configuration. Which installed entry handles 10.158.63.123?

  1. The OSPF /16, because a disabled/uninstalled static /24 is not an eligible forwarding entry.
  2. The static /24 because its text remains in the configuration.
  3. The default /0 because OSPF distance 110 disqualifies all OSPF entries.
  4. Drop the packet because every configured /24 overrides a covering /16, even when inactive.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Route preference for a packet is determined from the currently installed forwarding table. A saved but inactive static command cannot provide a valid /24 lookup result; the installed OSPF /16 still covers the host. Operational route presence matters more than how specific an unused configuration statement appears.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Configuration text is not the same as an installed route. The scenario explicitly says the static path is disabled and cannot win lookup.

C:

Administrative distance 110 is a normal value for eligible OSPF routes. An installed /16 is more specific than a default and remains usable.

D:

Only installed eligible routes participate in normal forwarding. The covering /16 remains a valid destination match.

Question 296

A router has `S 198.51.100.20/32 via 192.0.2.2`, `C 192.0.2.0/24 via Gi0/0`, and a default route through another interface. It receives a packet to 198.51.100.20. Which forwarding process applies?

  1. Use the default route because it is the gateway of last resort.
  2. Choose the /32 host route, recursively resolve 192.0.2.2 through the connected 192.0.2.0/24 network, and forward out Gi0/0.
  3. Choose the connected 192.0.2.0/24 entry as the destination route.
  4. Ignore the /32 because it lacks an explicitly configured exit interface.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A /32 is more specific than a default route, so the router selects the host prefix for the destination. Its configured next-hop 192.0.2.2 is on a connected Gi0/0 subnet, allowing adjacency resolution through that interface. Recursive lookup resolves the next hop; it does not make the router ignore the selected most-specific destination prefix.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The default is considered only when no more-specific usable destination match wins. This destination matches a /32 route directly.

C:

The connected /24 is used to resolve reachability to the next-hop address, not as the primary match for the packet’s 198.51.100.20 destination.

D:

A static IPv4 route can specify a reachable next-hop address and be recursively resolved through another installed route. Missing an explicit exit interface here does not invalidate the route.

Question 297

A router has both `C 10.165.112.0/24` on an active Layer 3 interface and `S 10.165.112.0/24` via a reachable next hop with default static distance 1. How is the same-prefix source conflict normally resolved?

  1. The static route must win because any manual route overrides connectivity.
  2. Both routes must be installed for ECMP because they have equal prefix lengths.
  3. The destination is unreachable because two sources advertise it.
  4. The connected entry has administrative distance zero and is preferred over the static distance-one candidate.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Connected and static sources for an identical prefix are compared using route preference once their eligibility is established. A directly connected route on an operational interface normally carries distance zero and wins against the default static value of one. This is a source choice for the same network, not a longest-prefix comparison between different masks.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Manual configuration does not automatically make a source preferred to a connected entry. The lower-distance connected route is ordinarily selected.

B:

Matching masks alone do not establish equal source preference. Their administrative distances differ and do not normally create equal-cost multipath.

C:

Competing route candidates are normal. The router can select the more preferred eligible source and continue forwarding.

Question 298

A router has a specific static /32 route for host 203.0.113.44 and a covering /24 learned by OSPF. A packet is destined exactly for .44. Which route is chosen after both are installed?

  1. The /32 host route because it is the longest matching prefix.
  2. The OSPF /24 because dynamic routes always outrank statics.
  3. Both routes are ignored in favor of the default /0 route.
  4. The route with the lowest next-hop IPv4 address, regardless of prefix.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A host route with a 32-bit IPv4 prefix describes one exact destination, whereas a /24 covers the entire subnet. For packets to 203.0.113.44, both match but the host route is more specific and wins forwarding. Route-source preference matters for same-prefix installation, not overriding an already installed longer match.

Incorrect Answers

B:

OSPF does not universally outrank static routes and cannot override a longer installed destination prefix merely because it is dynamic. The exact host match is selected.

C:

The default is a fallback for destinations without more specific matches. Here a /32 and /24 both match, making /0 the least appropriate installed candidate.

D:

Next-hop number ordering is not the IP longest-prefix forwarding rule. The /32 route targets this exact destination regardless of the next-hop IP value.

Question 299

An IPv6 router holds routes to `2001:db8:10::/48` via R1 and `2001:db8:10:20::/64` via R2. Traffic goes to `2001:db8:10:21::5`. Which installed prefix covers the destination most specifically?

  1. The /64 through R2 because /64 is numerically longer than /48.
  2. An IPv4 default route because the router is forwarding IPv6.
  3. `2001:db8:10::/48` via R1; the `:20::/64` does not match fourth-hextet `:21`.
  4. Both IPv6 paths using ECMP because their first three hextets match.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

With an IPv6 /64, the first four hextets belong to the network portion. The destination has fourth hextet 21, so it falls outside the installed `:20/64`; the /48 fixes only the first three hextets and still covers it. A longer route that does not match is never preferred over a shorter valid match.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The route to `:20/64` is specific to fourth hextet 20. The packet is addressed to `:21`, so that route cannot match.

B:

IPv4 and IPv6 maintain separate route families. The installed IPv6 /48 already covers the destination without involving IPv4.

D:

These are different-length destination prefixes, and only the /48 matches this packet. The existence of a related /64 does not make it an equal next hop.

Question 300

A router selects an installed connected route for host 192.0.2.50 on Ethernet Gi0/0 but has no ARP entry for that host. What additional Layer 2 procedure is normally needed before it transmits a usable unicast Ethernet frame?

  1. Re-run OSPF DR election before each Ethernet frame.
  2. Translate the packet with PAT even when no NAT is configured.
  3. ARP resolution for the destination IPv4 neighbor on Gi0/0.
  4. Replace the destination IPv4 address with the switch MAC table entry.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The routing table establishes that the host is on-link but does not inherently reveal its Ethernet hardware address. The router normally sends ARP to resolve the destination IPv4 address and then encapsulates the IP packet in a frame for that neighbor. A successful longest-prefix lookup and a known Layer 2 adjacency are separate requirements.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A directly connected host does not need per-packet OSPF neighbor election. ARP is the on-link IPv4 address-to-MAC resolution protocol.

B:

NAT is an optional address-translation feature at a policy boundary. It does not substitute for local Ethernet neighbor resolution on a connected network.

D:

IP destination addressing is retained for the routed packet; Ethernet encapsulation uses the resolved neighbor MAC. A bridge forwarding table is not a replacement IPv4 destination.