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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 3

Question 20

A campus architect proposes a collapsed-core distribution pair, but the access layer grows rapidly and cross-building uplink capacity is exhausted. What criterion most directly suggests revisiting a separate core tier?

  1. Whether every switch hostname contains the word core.
  2. The scalability and transit-throughput limits of the combined distribution/core block relative to campus growth.
  3. Whether the campus uses RFC 1918 private addresses instead of public addresses.
  4. Whether an access switch can advertise the same SSID as a second switch.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A collapsed-core design shares aggregation and backbone responsibilities on the same switching tier. When transit scale, site geography and fault-domain requirements exceed that pair’s capacity, a dedicated high-speed core can separate functions and improve growth options. The decision depends on measured port density, bandwidth, redundancy and operational constraints rather than merely labeling a design two-tier.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Naming convention does not determine transit capacity or architecture. Measured bandwidth, connection count and resilience are the reasons to split roles.

C:

IP address allocation does not by itself require a dedicated core tier. The physical and logical scale of the network is the relevant architectural constraint.

D:

An SSID is a wireless service identifier, not a determinant of campus core fabric capacity. Backbone scale and fault isolation are the design criteria.

Question 21

A hybrid enterprise network adds a private cloud circuit. Overlapping 10.10.0.0/16 addressing already exists in the campus and the cloud VPC, and the routing team reports ambiguous reachability. What must the network design resolve?

  1. Increase the private circuit bandwidth until the router can choose both identical destinations.
  2. Turn on Cisco Discovery Protocol across the private WAN to rename one of the subnets.
  3. Address overlap and routing-domain separation or deliberate translation before exchanging the overlapping prefixes.
  4. Use the same DNS name for both sites because a common hostname guarantees correct IP forwarding.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Two independent sites that advertise the same IPv4 prefix cannot be distinguished in a shared ordinary routing table solely by the destination address. The design must use nonoverlapping plans, intentional NAT/translation or appropriate isolated routing domains with controlled interconnection. A private circuit provides transport, but does not automatically make duplicated IP destinations unambiguous.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Capacity helps throughput but does not create a unique route key for two identical IPv4 prefixes. The ambiguity remains even on a very fast path.

B:

CDP is a local Layer 2 device-discovery protocol and does not resolve colliding IP prefixes across separate routing domains. Address planning or translation is required.

D:

DNS naming can add further ambiguity and does not replace destination-prefix routing. The same IP range still represents two incompatible targets in a shared context.

Question 22

A metropolitan fiber span is longer than the supported limit of the available multimode optics. The design needs a long-distance link over compatible optics and fiber type. What is the appropriate physical medium?

  1. Single-mode optical fiber with matching single-mode transceivers rated for the distance.
  2. An 802.1Q trunk configuration on the existing optical link.
  3. Standard twisted-pair copper Ethernet for the full metropolitan span.
  4. Multimode fiber with unchanged short-reach optics.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Single-mode fiber has a much smaller core and can support long optical runs when paired with compatible wavelengths, transceivers and optical power budget. Multimode systems commonly target shorter runs and may not satisfy the given span length. Validate connectors, receive power and vendor-rated distance before deployment rather than assuming every fiber/SFP combination interoperates.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Trunk tagging defines VLAN encapsulation but does not extend the optical transmitter’s distance or attenuation budget. Link-layer configuration cannot overcome a physical fiber/transceiver mismatch.

C:

Copper twisted-pair Ethernet has much shorter conventional channel limits than this metropolitan run. Without intermediate devices or different physical transport, ordinary access cabling cannot substitute for the required fiber link.

D:

Multimode fiber and short-reach transceivers are useful within supported campus/building distances, but the scenario explicitly exceeds their optical specification. Changing nothing does not repair a physical distance-budget violation.

Question 23

An engineer must connect devices on adjacent building floors using standard twisted-pair Ethernet, and the proposed channel length exceeds the physical specification for the interface. What is the most appropriate correction?

  1. Redesign the link with supported distance and medium, such as fiber or a qualified intermediate switch.
  2. Disable STP on the link to avoid bridge port delays.
  3. Switch from TCP to UDP for all application traffic.
  4. Assign a /16 IPv4 prefix instead of a /24 prefix.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Ethernet physical media have specified cable and connector budgets, so a copper channel beyond the stated limit may experience signal loss and errors. A fiber-based uplink with suitable optics, or a properly placed regeneration point, addresses the physical distance constraint. Changing IP addresses or encapsulation cannot restore unsupported copper signal quality.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Spanning Tree protects Layer 2 loop topologies; turning it off cannot overcome excessive copper length and can introduce flooding loops. Physical cabling is the observed constraint.

C:

Transport protocol choice changes retransmission and flow control behavior, not Ethernet cable signal integrity. Applications using UDP would still encounter the failing physical link.

D:

An IPv4 prefix determines Layer 3 reachability and subnet size, not how far Ethernet electrical signals travel through copper. Enlarging the subnet does not change physical attenuation.

Question 24

A 10-Gb/s data-center top-of-rack switch connects to a nearby server using a supported short direct-attach copper (DAC) cable. Which statement best characterizes the medium?

  1. DAC extends the link over tens of kilometers using single-mode light.
  2. An IP SLA monitor determines the cable transmission medium automatically.
  3. Any Cat5e patch lead functions as an equivalent SFP+ DAC assembly.
  4. DAC is an electrical short-reach link whose module and cable compatibility must match the port.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Direct-attach copper assemblies carry high-speed electrical signals over short distances on compatible switch and server interfaces. They are convenient within a rack or nearby racks but have manufacturer-specified reach and port compatibility limits. They are not interchangeable with long-reach optical fibers or generic RJ-45 cable.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That describes a different optical transport method, not electrical direct-attach copper. DAC has a short passive/active copper reach depending on its design.

B:

IP SLA measures operational performance through probe traffic but does not convert the physical transceiver into a DAC. Hardware port and cable specifications determine media compatibility.

C:

A DAC includes specific high-speed cable and termination design for the transceiver interfaces. An ordinary RJ-45 twisted-pair lead cannot simply plug into an SFP+ DAC cage.

Question 25

A wiring diagram shows a network with a shared half-duplex Ethernet medium. Two stations transmit simultaneously and both detect a collision. Which legacy access method describes that behavior?

  1. Static IP route selection using longest prefix matching.
  2. CSMA/CD contention with collision detection on a shared medium.
  3. Full-duplex switched Ethernet with separate transmit/receive paths.
  4. 802.11 Wi-Fi CSMA/CA contention with acknowledgments.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Classic half-duplex shared Ethernet used carrier sensing, multiple access and collision detection to arbitrate a common physical channel. Simultaneous transmissions can collide, triggering backoff and retransmission. Modern switched full-duplex links do not normally experience Ethernet collisions, which is why the medium matters.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A route lookup selects a Layer 3 next hop and does not control access to a contested physical Ethernet segment. It cannot explain the observed collision detection and backoff.

C:

A full-duplex switch link does not use collision detection to arbitrate a shared wire. The two directions can be active simultaneously without the legacy shared-medium collision mechanism.

D:

Wi-Fi uses collision avoidance and different radio medium rules; it cannot directly detect Ethernet cable collisions in the classic CSMA/CD manner. The question specifies a wired shared segment.

Question 26

An access switch provides a conventional 1000BASE-T connection to a desktop less than 100 m away on installed Cat6 cabling. Which physical technology should be used?

  1. A wireless SSID on the switchport instead of a cable.
  2. A single-mode SFP module connected directly into the RJ-45 jack by passive pins.
  3. Twisted-pair copper Ethernet with compatible RJ-45 ports and cable testing.
  4. A long-reach fiber transceiver with no compatible fiber between endpoints.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

1000BASE-T is designed to transmit Gigabit Ethernet over supported balanced copper twisted pairs within the specified channel length. The Cat6 installation is within the normal link budget provided connectors and pairs are terminated correctly. Fiber optics are a different physical medium and cannot be inferred from the desired IP subnet.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An SSID belongs to Wi-Fi radio service and cannot replace a physical Ethernet connector on a desktop wired NIC. The case requests a conventional copper wired link.

B:

An optical SFP has a fiber signaling interface rather than a conventional copper twisted-pair Ethernet PHY. A passive pin adapter cannot convert the optical and electrical signaling.

D:

A fiber transceiver requires a matching optical path and media at both ends. Installing one on a copper-only desktop does not deliver usable 1000BASE-T connectivity.

Question 27

Two 10-Gb/s switch uplinks terminate in the same wiring closet. Both devices have compatible short-reach multimode SFP+ optics, and the fiber span is within their rated optical budget. What medium should be selected?

  1. A serial WAN cable configured as Ethernet 802.1Q.
  2. Unshielded twisted pair with SFP+ optical transmitters attached to the copper pair.
  3. Multimode fiber compatible with the installed short-reach transceivers.
  4. An unsupported single-mode fiber cable using the unchanged multimode optics.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Multimode fiber is commonly used with supported short-reach optical modules over distances within their specifications. The transceivers, fiber grade, connectors and link budget must match end to end. Selecting an unrelated longer-range medium is not required simply because the port speed is 10 Gb/s.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Serial WAN cabling does not become the proper 10-Gb/s optical Ethernet medium by setting a VLAN tag. Physical transceiver and cable standards must be compatible.

B:

An optical SFP+ transceiver does not terminate ordinary twisted-pair copper without the appropriate electrical module. The current optical connectors and standards support fiber, not direct copper pinout.

D:

The optical launch and receiver specifications are designed for the transceiver’s rated fiber type. Mixing media arbitrarily can create loss or incompatibility even if the port speed matches.

Question 28

A technician sees a fiber uplink repeatedly go down after installing an optic whose wavelength is incompatible with the peer transceiver. What characteristic must be matched before higher-layer debugging?

  1. The voice VLAN advertised to IP phones.
  2. The switch default gateway and its route preference.
  3. Optical transceiver wavelength, media type, supported reach and power budget.
  4. The DNS A record for the switch management hostname.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Optical Ethernet requires compatible modules and receive power within the rated operating range. A transceiver with the wrong wavelength or supported fiber may fail to decode the peer’s optical signal despite correct VLAN and IP configurations. Confirm hardware identifiers and optical diagnostics before investigating Layer 3 forwarding.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A voice VLAN influences frame tagging for phones but not how a fiber laser emits or receives light. The link-level optical mismatch is independent of this access-port feature.

B:

A default route cannot correct incompatible wavelengths or transceiver receive levels. Layer 3 configuration applies after the physical link has achieved usable signal integrity.

D:

DNS records map names to addresses for management applications. They cannot make incompatible optical receivers detect a stable carrier.

Question 29

A fiber uplink reports optical transmit power within specifications, but receive power on one end falls below the supported receiver sensitivity during rain. What is the highest-value physical measurement and correction?

  1. Measure end-to-end optical loss and inspect the connectors, splice points and water-affected path against the transceiver power budget.
  2. Raise OSPF administrative distance to strengthen the light received by the optic.
  3. Reduce the VLAN allowed list until the remaining packets have greater receive power.
  4. Change DNS resolver addresses to increase transceiver wavelength compatibility.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The relevant observation is insufficient received optical power, not simply a VLAN or routing error. Attenuation and reflections from dirty connectors, damaged fiber or bad splices can consume the optical link budget even when the far-end transmitter operates normally. Check power at both ends and isolate the physical segment before altering higher-layer configuration.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Administrative distance only ranks routing information sources; it does not change optical energy at a transceiver. The failing measurement is in the physical path.

C:

802.1Q filtering changes logical frame carriage but does not alter attenuation or receiver sensitivity. Optical power budget must be diagnosed directly.

D:

A DNS resolver does not control laser wavelength or optical loss. The trace requires physical cabling and transceiver diagnostics.

Question 30

Two full-duplex switches are linked by a point-to-point 10-Gb/s Ethernet fiber connection; the engineer worries about collision domains on the cable. Which statement is accurate?

  1. Configuring a larger subnet mask removes physical-layer collisions.
  2. The link cannot carry unicast frames without an IP default gateway.
  3. Both switches must use CSMA/CD for every frame on a full-duplex fiber link.
  4. A properly operating full-duplex point-to-point Ethernet link does not use shared-medium collisions.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Each end of a full-duplex point-to-point link has independent send and receive capability, so classic CSMA/CD collisions do not regulate access. Ethernet framing and FCS still apply, and damaged media can cause frame errors. A shared hub-era collision domain is a different physical topology.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IP prefix masks do not change Ethernet duplex signaling or collision behavior. Physical topology and link negotiation determine whether the segment is shared or full duplex.

B:

Ethernet point-to-point ports forward Layer 2 frames based on their switching context, regardless of whether a management default gateway exists. Routing is a separate requirement.

C:

Collision detection is associated with half-duplex shared medium rather than normal full-duplex point-to-point Ethernet. Applying it here confuses two distinct access technologies.