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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 2

Question 10

An aggregation switch has a routed SVI for each department. A security requirement permits Finance to reach the shared DNS service but must prevent Finance from initiating connections to Payroll. What additional control does basic inter-VLAN routing lack?

  1. Add more Layer 3 interfaces so the switch automatically isolates every routed subnet from every other subnet.
  2. Make the Finance and Payroll SVIs use identical IP addresses to stop communication.
  3. Disable IP routing entirely, since that preserves DNS while denying all other inter-VLAN traffic.
  4. Apply a properly scoped IP ACL or policy to the routed path, with explicit permits and denies for the required flows.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Routing between SVIs provides reachability, but it does not by itself enforce application-specific departmental segmentation. A correctly located extended IPv4 ACL can match source and destination prefixes and protocol or ports, while allowing the approved DNS traffic. Review ACL order and implicit deny and test both permitted and prohibited flows before deployment.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Additional routed interfaces add potential paths but do not create the required selective filter. An explicit forwarding policy is needed when one application is permitted and another forbidden.

B:

Duplicate gateway addressing creates an invalid operational design and does not specify permitted DNS versus blocked Payroll traffic. Packet filtering must implement the security rule.

C:

Without an alternative design, disabling all routing would block the authorized DNS path as well as prohibited Payroll sessions. The requirement is granular policy, not total outage.

Question 11

An enterprise gateway already performs stateful firewall filtering and intrusion prevention. Security now requires decrypted inspection of HTTPS application traffic, but many clients use pinned certificates. Which design consideration is material before enabling TLS inspection?

  1. Enable a larger MAC address table on the gateway to decrypt TLS without clients noticing.
  2. Test managed certificate trust and certificate-pinning compatibility before applying carefully scoped authorized TLS decryption.
  3. Turn off intrusion prevention to ensure pinned clients accept any inspection certificate.
  4. Replace all HTTPS URLs with HTTP so the security device can inspect every request.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Decryption-based inspection requires an authorized inspection architecture and client trust in an appropriate issuing certificate where interception is supported. Certificate-pinned applications can reject the substituted certificate, breaking connectivity even when the firewall route and basic IPS are functional. Define privacy boundaries, exemptions and test groups rather than enabling indiscriminate interception.

Incorrect Answers

A:

MAC learning does not hold application encryption keys or establish trust in an interception certificate. The challenge is cryptographic protocol and application policy.

C:

Disabling IPS does not change a client application that validates a pinned peer certificate. It removes a defense while leaving the trust incompatibility unresolved.

D:

Removing TLS would expose credentials and data rather than providing authorized secure inspection. A controlled supported decryption design and legitimate exceptions are necessary.

Question 12

A campus technician sees a workstation communicating with a local file server but wants to determine which appliance actually initiates end-user application requests. Which term identifies the workstation in this model?

  1. A default gateway routing engine.
  2. An intrusion-prevention sensor.
  3. A wireless LAN controller.
  4. An endpoint or client device.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

An endpoint is an attached device that originates or consumes network services, such as a user workstation making file requests. Unlike infrastructure switches or routers, its primary role in this scenario is application participation rather than transiting unrelated flows. Distinguishing the client from a service-providing server helps isolate where the request begins and how the traffic path is formed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The workstation may send off-subnet packets to a gateway, but that forwarding role belongs to the router or Layer 3 switch. A normal client application is not the transit device routing other hosts’ packets.

B:

IPS sensors inspect or block malicious traffic; they are not the ordinary source of the user’s file-access session. Confusing the security intermediary with the endpoint obscures request direction.

C:

A controller coordinates wireless infrastructure policy and AP control, not the file client application executing on the workstation. Wireless clients remain endpoints even when their APs are centrally controlled.

Question 13

A data center experiences heavy east–west server traffic and needs predictable hops between any two top-of-rack switches. Each top-of-rack switch connects to every aggregation switch, but peers do not interconnect. What topology is this?

  1. A spine–leaf fabric with leaves connected to every spine.
  2. A three-tier campus with a separate distribution tier.
  3. A SOHO star with one broadband router.
  4. A token ring with sequential forwarding.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

In a spine–leaf design, server-facing leaf switches connect upward to every spine, creating a predictable low-hop fabric for east–west flows. Spines normally interconnect the leaves rather than serving individual servers directly. Equal-cost paths can support scale and resiliency when the routed fabric is configured appropriately, unlike a hierarchical campus tree.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Campus three-tier design involves access, distribution and core switching layers rather than full leaf-to-spine connectivity. The given every-leaf-to-every-spine pattern identifies a data-center fabric.

C:

A SOHO star centers on a small router or switch and lacks the multiple symmetric spine paths described here. It does not normally provide data-center-scale east–west path diversity between racks.

D:

Token-ring stations share a logical ring, while the described fabric has multiple switching paths through independent spines. Traffic does not circulate station by station along a ring.

Question 14

A campus includes access switches, a distribution layer for policy aggregation, and a separately managed high-speed core connecting distribution blocks. Which design hierarchy is represented?

  1. A two-tier collapsed-core campus with no separate core.
  2. A single SOHO router with embedded Wi-Fi and switching.
  3. A spine-leaf fabric with every leaf attached to every spine.
  4. A traditional three-tier campus architecture with access, distribution, and core.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A three-tier design gives access, distribution and core distinct architectural responsibilities. Distribution aggregates access blocks and can apply routing or policies, while the core provides fast connectivity between distribution nodes. A two-tier collapsed core intentionally combines distribution and core, which is not what the scenario describes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A collapsed core combines core and distribution roles into one tier. The question explicitly has a separate high-speed core behind an independent distribution tier, so a two-tier description would omit part of the actual design.

B:

A SOHO design consolidates functions for a small site. It does not describe separately managed access, distribution and core blocks with independent backbone interconnections.

C:

Spine-leaf designs use predictable data-center leaf-to-spine paths rather than hierarchical campus access/distribution/core roles. The stated campus has three administrative and functional tiers.

Question 15

A small home office needs local wired and wireless devices to reach an ISP via one consumer broadband appliance, without enterprise access/distribution switching tiers. Which network design category best fits?

  1. A routed spine–leaf fabric with redundant spines.
  2. A small office/home office (SOHO) LAN with an integrated gateway and AP.
  3. A provider MPLS WAN backbone.
  4. A classic three-tier enterprise campus topology.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

SOHO design commonly combines broadband edge routing, Ethernet switching, DHCP, NAT and Wi-Fi access in one or a few devices. The requirement emphasizes a single modest site rather than enterprise campus hierarchy or rack-scale data-center east–west switching. Basic segmentation and secure wireless authentication remain useful, but dedicated spine and core layers are unnecessary.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Spine–leaf is intended for larger data-center-scale server fabrics, not the single consumer gateway described. Deploying it would add complexity without solving any stated SOHO capacity or east–west requirement.

C:

An MPLS provider backbone spans service-provider network infrastructure; it is not the branch’s integrated broadband gateway design. The ISP supplies uplink service while the customer site uses an ordinary SOHO LAN.

D:

Three distinct access, distribution and core tiers would be excessive for one small office and do not match the single multifunction gateway. Site scale and equipment roles determine the appropriate design category.

Question 16

An enterprise intends to reduce separate campus tiers by combining core and distribution forwarding in the same redundant pair of switches while keeping access switches below. What arrangement is this?

  1. A single unmanaged switch carrying all endpoints without redundancy.
  2. A three-tier topology with independent access, distribution, and core switches.
  3. A leaf/spine fabric requiring every access switch to be a spine.
  4. A two-tier campus with a collapsed core/distribution block.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A two-tier or collapsed-core design combines the distribution and core functions on the same switching layer while access remains separate. This can simplify small and medium campus operations but requires appropriate redundancy and capacity. A genuine three-tier architecture would have another distinct core layer above distribution.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The design uses a redundant pair for aggregation and separate access switches. An unmanaged one-switch LAN ignores both the campus hierarchy and resilience requirements.

B:

There is no separately operated core tier in the proposed design: its forwarding functions share the distribution pair. Calling it three-tier would invent equipment and paths that are absent.

C:

Leaf/spine describes a data-center fabric, not simply combining campus distribution and core. The access/distribution relationships stated do not imply leaf-spine mesh wiring.

Question 17

An enterprise hosts customer-facing workloads in its own data center but adds a cloud-hosted application reached through a private cloud connection. Which description best captures the resulting deployment model?

  1. An isolated LAN with no external IP routing requirements.
  2. An all-cloud migration with every local workload removed.
  3. A wireless mesh topology replacing the data-center links.
  4. A hybrid on-premises and cloud network requiring governed interconnection and routing.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A hybrid architecture integrates on-premises infrastructure with workloads hosted by a cloud provider. Connectivity can use VPN or private circuits, with routing and security policies controlling the cross-environment path. Moving one application does not automatically extend the on-premises Layer 2 domain or eliminate customer access-control responsibilities.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The application is now reached across a private cloud connection, so traffic necessarily crosses a network boundary. An isolated LAN description omits the required interconnection.

B:

A completely cloud-hosted environment would not retain the data-center services explicitly described. The case still has two separately operated locations that must interconnect.

C:

Wireless mesh refers to radio nodes that provide interconnection over wireless backhaul. It does not describe a hybrid data-center and cloud workload architecture.

Question 18

A routed leaf–spine fabric uses ECMP between two data-center leaf switches. One spine fails but another remains healthy and the routes are recomputed. Which design property supports continued east–west forwarding?

  1. Both leaves must move into the same STP root role before routing can reconverge.
  2. The alternate routed equal-cost leaf-to-spine-to-leaf path remains available without a direct leaf-to-leaf cable.
  3. Traffic must traverse the failed spine because every leaf binds to one permanent spine.
  4. A newly created direct leaf-to-leaf cable is always required whenever a spine goes down.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A routed leaf–spine fabric can advertise multiple equal-cost paths between leaf prefixes through different spine switches. If a spine fails, routing reconvergence can withdraw the lost next hop while retaining forwarding through another operational spine, subject to timers and protocol configuration. This is fabric path diversity rather than an automatic guarantee that every host or application is redundant.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Spanning Tree root election governs bridged Layer 2 loops, not primary ECMP path selection in the described routed fabric. Routing must remove the failed next hop.

C:

The topology intentionally supplies multiple independent spine connections to leaves. Restricting forwarding to the failed member would defeat ECMP resiliency.

D:

The fabric already contains an alternate spine path, and routing can use it. A direct leaf cable is not a prerequisite for failover in a properly designed routed fabric.

Question 19

A headquarters has separate regional offices connected by provider-managed MPLS links. Users at different sites need IP connectivity despite each office having its own LAN. Which architectural scope covers the intersite links?

  1. One local Ethernet broadcast domain stretched by default across all buildings.
  2. A Wi-Fi SSID configured identically at headquarters and all branches.
  3. A host-based container network restricted to one server.
  4. A wide area network interconnecting separate local networks.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A WAN provides connectivity across geographically separated sites, often using carrier or leased network infrastructure. The offices retain their individual LAN segments while routing exchanges packets over WAN interfaces. A VLAN alone is a local Layer 2 segmentation mechanism and does not define the geographic interoffice connectivity contract.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An Ethernet LAN is normally a local broadcast domain; the description specifies separately routed offices connected by carrier links. Treating all sites as an unqualified Layer 2 segment ignores WAN transport and routing.

B:

An SSID identifies wireless service to clients, not a WAN path carrying routed interoffice traffic. Reusing its name does not connect two remote subnets.

C:

Container bridges can connect processes on a host, but they do not replace provider connectivity between regional office routers. The key requirement is geographic intersite networking.

Question 20

A campus architect proposes a collapsed-core distribution pair, but the access layer grows rapidly and cross-building uplink capacity is exhausted. What criterion most directly suggests revisiting a separate core tier?

  1. Whether every switch hostname contains the word core.
  2. The scalability and transit-throughput limits of the combined distribution/core block relative to campus growth.
  3. Whether the campus uses RFC 1918 private addresses instead of public addresses.
  4. Whether an access switch can advertise the same SSID as a second switch.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A collapsed-core design shares aggregation and backbone responsibilities on the same switching tier. When transit scale, site geography and fault-domain requirements exceed that pair’s capacity, a dedicated high-speed core can separate functions and improve growth options. The decision depends on measured port density, bandwidth, redundancy and operational constraints rather than merely labeling a design two-tier.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Naming convention does not determine transit capacity or architecture. Measured bandwidth, connection count and resilience are the reasons to split roles.

C:

IP address allocation does not by itself require a dedicated core tier. The physical and logical scale of the network is the relevant architectural constraint.

D:

An SSID is a wireless service identifier, not a determinant of campus core fabric capacity. Backbone scale and fault isolation are the design criteria.