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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 27

Question 260

A Cisco routing table contains `O IA 10.70.0.0/16 [110/40] via 192.0.2.5`. What does the `O IA` route code indicate?

  1. It is an EIGRP internal route because IA abbreviates internal autonomous system.
  2. It is an IPv6 address assignment rather than a routing-table route.
  3. It is a locally configured static route because the path includes a next-hop address.
  4. The prefix is an OSPF inter-area route learned through OSPF area routing information.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Cisco IOS route codes identify the origin and kind of an installed route. O identifies OSPF, while IA indicates an inter-area route rather than an intra-area O entry. The distance/metric brackets still describe route preference and OSPF cost separately from that category marker.

Incorrect Answers

A:

EIGRP routes normally use the D origin code. The OSPF IA suffix specifically distinguishes inter-area information in the OSPF route display.

B:

The line contains an IPv4 prefix and OSPF route attributes. Interface IPv6 addressing uses a different family of commands and outputs.

C:

Dynamic routing entries can also display next hops. The protocol code, not merely the presence of a via address, identifies the route source.

Question 261

A Cisco device shows `C 10.72.148.128/26 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2`. An operator asks why there is no separate next-hop IPv4 address after `via`. Which forwarding dependency matters for hosts on that subnet?

  1. The absence of `via` proves the route is malformed and must be deleted.
  2. Every packet must be sent to the configured IPv4 default gateway first.
  3. The router replaces its local neighbor resolution with DNS lookups.
  4. The subnet is directly attached; the router resolves the destination neighbor on GigabitEthernet0/2 rather than forwarding through another router IP.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A connected route identifies a prefix attached to an active Layer 3 interface. For on-link unicast destinations, the router uses neighbor resolution on that outgoing interface to obtain the appropriate Layer 2 adjacency. A configured next-hop router address is needed for many remote routes but not for this directly connected subnet.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Directly connected entries normally show an egress interface rather than a remote next-hop IP. The lack of `via` is expected in this route class.

B:

Connected prefixes are more specific than a default route and have local adjacency information. Routing those packets unnecessarily through an ISP gateway would not match the installed entry.

C:

DNS maps application hostnames to IP addresses, not directly connected host IPs to Ethernet next-hop MACs. ARP or the appropriate adjacency process handles local forwarding.

Question 262

An engineer sees `C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan40` in an IOS route table. What operational condition normally creates this prefix?

  1. Every VLAN in the switch database automatically produces an IPv4 route without an SVI address.
  2. OSPF always injects a C route into the RIB even when no local interface exists.
  3. An active Layer 3 SVI with a compatible IPv4 address and line protocol up installs its connected subnet route.
  4. A remotely learned default route is displayed as C because it can reach every VLAN.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Connected route entries are derived from operational Layer 3 interfaces and their configured prefixes. An SVI for VLAN 40 can create the 192.168.40.0/24 connected route when the relevant VLAN and line protocol are active. This route is not learned from a neighbor’s routing advertisement or created merely by giving an Ethernet VLAN a name.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A Layer 2 VLAN can exist without an IP interface or gateway. A connected IPv4 route needs an operational routed interface and address prefix.

B:

OSPF-learned prefixes are marked with O variants. The C code identifies direct interface connectivity, irrespective of whether that network is later advertised.

D:

A default route is 0.0.0.0/0 and carries its route-source code. It is different from a directly attached /24 SVI prefix.

Question 263

An IOS router displays `O 10.63.19.0/24 [110/5] via 198.51.100.14, 00:02:16, GigabitEthernet0/0`. What does the displayed `00:02:16` most directly represent?

  1. The OSPF metric for the prefix.
  2. The elapsed route age shown in hours:minutes:seconds, not the OSPF metric.
  3. The subnet mask of the route destination.
  4. The IPv4 address of the exit interface.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Cisco route displays can include an elapsed time after the next hop indicating how long the route has been in that state or since its last relevant update. The administrative distance and metric have already appeared as `[110/5]`. Confusing the age with cost could lead to selecting the wrong diagnostic when investigating route changes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The displayed OSPF metric is the second number in `[110/5]`, namely 5. The colon-separated time is not a metric field.

C:

The destination prefix is already shown as /24. A colon-separated value after the next hop cannot change the route’s network mask.

D:

IPv4 addresses use dotted decimal rather than time-style colon-separated triplets. The actual egress interface is listed separately as GigabitEthernet0/0.

Question 264

An IOS route output shows `D 10.31.152.0/25 [90/3072] via 192.0.2.12, GigabitEthernet0/0`. An operator sees 90 and 3072 in brackets and believes both are equal-cost next hops. What do those bracketed values mean?

  1. Administrative distance 3072 and metric 90, since IOS prints the metric first.
  2. Two next-hop addresses, 90 and 3072, because a route with brackets always has ECMP.
  3. Administrative distance 90 and route metric 3072 for the displayed EIGRP-learned route.
  4. A 90-second DHCP lease and a TCP port number 3072.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

In a typical Cisco `show ip route` entry, `[distance/metric]` records preference of the source protocol and the metric within that routing source. The `via` field identifies the next-hop address separately. Neither bracketed value is itself a second IP address or proof that ECMP has two installed next hops.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IOS displays the distance before the metric in the bracketed route annotation. Reversing the positions would misinterpret how the route was learned.

B:

Next hops are IPv4 or IPv6 addresses displayed after `via`, not bare bracket numbers. Equal-cost paths require separate eligible forwarding entries.

D:

Routing-table route source preference and metric have no DHCP lease or TCP port interpretation. They describe the installed route calculation.

Question 265

An IOS routing table shows `O IA 10.33.90.0/23 [110/25] via 192.0.2.14`. The network team wants to identify which OSPF routing class supplied the destination. What is conveyed by `O IA`?

  1. The route is a statically configured interface address.
  2. The route is an OSPF external E2 destination.
  3. The letters indicate that the next hop is always directly connected.
  4. The route was learned as an OSPF inter-area destination rather than an ordinary intra-area O route.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The IOS `O IA` code distinguishes OSPF destinations advertised across area boundaries. The bracketed distance and metric may be similar to an intra-area entry, but the route type still differs. The route class helps troubleshoot ABR and area-summary propagation instead of assuming a locally learned link-state network.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Static routes appear under S and local interface addresses under L. Neither convention produces the OSPF inter-area O IA code.

B:

External type-2 routes have a distinct O E2 code. Inter-area routing is the IA classification and does not necessarily imply redistribution.

C:

Inter-area describes the route’s origin inside OSPF, not whether the forwarding next hop is on-link. Next-hop reachability must still be checked separately.

Question 266

An engineer sees `S 10.53.106.0/23 [5/0] via 192.0.2.23`. Another static route to the exact same prefix has administrative distance 15 and an equally reachable next hop. Which is preferred when both are eligible?

  1. The distance-15 static route because higher distance indicates higher trust.
  2. Both static paths must load-balance regardless of their different distances.
  3. Whichever next-hop address is numerically smaller.
  4. The static route with administrative distance 5 is preferred over the same-prefix static route with distance 15.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Administrative distance ranks eligible route candidates from different sources or configured distance values for the same prefix. With identical destination masks and viable next hops, the lower distance 5 wins against 15 in this case. The source code S shows that both are static; their metric need not be compared to override a lower-distance route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Smaller administrative distance is preferred, not larger. Increasing distance is often a way to make a route backup rather than primary.

B:

Equal-cost multipath requires eligible routes with equal selection criteria. These static candidates have different configured distances, so they do not form an equal-distance pair.

C:

IP address ordering is not the static-route administrative-distance rule. The supplied distances already distinguish the candidates.

Question 267

A router has a default route installed, and `show ip route` reports a gateway of last resort. What forwarding role does this route play?

  1. It is the DHCP server address for every attached VLAN.
  2. It forwards traffic when no longer matching installed destination prefix exists.
  3. It automatically authorizes previously denied traffic through ACLs.
  4. It always overrides all /24 and /32 routes because it is the default.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A default IPv4 route covers 0.0.0.0/0, so it is the least specific possible match and serves as the fallback for otherwise unknown destinations. Any more specific installed matching route takes precedence for its own prefix. The default route still requires a reachable next hop or appropriate egress; its presence does not guarantee Internet connectivity.

Incorrect Answers

A:

DHCP server identity is not determined by a routing default. DHCP clients can receive leases from an external server through relays while routing uses a different next hop.

C:

A route tells the router where to forward; ACL policy still determines whether traffic is permitted. A default route does not bypass security filtering.

D:

A default is the least specific prefix, not the strongest forwarding match. Routers choose a longer matching prefix before falling back to /0.

Question 268

A router has `O 10.32.94.0/26 [110/25] via 192.0.2.13, GigabitEthernet0/0` in `show ip route`. A new static to the SAME /26 with administrative distance 120 is configured and has a reachable next hop. Which route remains preferred while OSPF is healthy?

  1. The static route at distance 120, because a larger AD indicates more reliable routing.
  2. Both routes must appear with active next hops because their metrics differ.
  3. The OSPF route at distance 110, because it is lower than the same-prefix static distance 120.
  4. The router compares 25 and 120 directly because OSPF metric outranks all static distances.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

When eligible routes refer to the identical destination prefix, administrative distance ranks the trust of the route sources. Here the OSPF entry has distance 110 and the floating static has 120, so OSPF remains installed as the preferred source while valid. Longest-prefix matching is a separate earlier consideration; it does not distinguish these two equal-length /26 routes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

For identical prefixes, lower administrative distance is preferred. The configured higher value deliberately makes the static a backup, not a primary path.

B:

Different protocols may have unrelated metrics; administrative distance selects the eligible route source at the same prefix. A floating backup is normally not installed as an equal-cost next hop.

D:

An OSPF metric of 25 is internal to its routing process, whereas 120 is a cross-source administrative distance. They are not comparable on one numeric scale.

Question 269

A router has FOUR installed IPv4 routes: 10.0.0.0/8 via 192.0.2.1, 10.23.0.0/16 via 192.0.2.2, 10.23.58.128/25 via 192.0.2.3, 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.0.2.254. A packet arrives with destination 10.23.58.198. Ignoring route metrics because all four prefixes differ, which route wins by default?

  1. 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.0.2.254
  2. 10.23.0.0/16 via 192.0.2.2
  3. 10.23.58.128/25 via 192.0.2.3
  4. 10.0.0.0/8 via 192.0.2.1

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The destination 10.23.58.198 belongs to 10.23.58.128/25, whose /25 prefix is the longest matching entry among the installed routes. Cisco forwarding selects the most specific matching network before comparing administrative distance or metrics among equivalent prefix candidates. Therefore the listed next hop for that prefix, 192.0.2.3, is used for this packet.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A /0 default route serves destinations with no more specific installed match. Here the router has a matching /25 subnet, so the gateway of last resort cannot be the best route for 10.23.58.198.

B:

The /16 entry contains 10.23.58.198, but the installed /25 route narrows the destination range further. Route choice is not a preference for a shorter prefix; it favors the longest matching prefix regardless of the next-hop label.

D:

The /8 entry does match 10.23.58.198, but it matches far more addresses than the listed /25 destination subnet. Longest-prefix matching selects the more specific installed route, so the /8 route does not win simply because it is also eligible.

Question 270

A router receives a packet for 198.51.100.7 and has a connected 198.51.100.0/24 interface that is administratively shut down. The interface-down connected prefix is absent from the active routing table, but a valid default route remains. Which route is used?

  1. The configured but inactive connected /24 route because connected routes always win.
  2. The valid installed default route, if no other installed matching prefix exists.
  3. A broadcast flood out all ports because the destination was formerly connected.
  4. A stale ARP cache entry to the down interface, irrespective of installed routing paths.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Only operationally installed and valid routes participate in the normal forwarding decision. A connected network whose interface has gone down is not available simply because the interface configuration still contains an address. The default route then provides the longest available match when no more specific usable route for 198.51.100.7 remains.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A connected prefix has low administrative distance when present, but an inactive interface cannot provide an installed directly connected path. Configuration text alone does not make a route eligible for packet forwarding.

C:

Routing a unicast IPv4 packet does not revert to Ethernet flooding when an interface drops. The router still performs its route lookup against active entries.

D:

An ARP entry maps a next hop on a usable Layer 2 segment; it does not override the routing table or resurrect a shutdown interface. Forwarding selection precedes neighbor resolution.