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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 25

Question 240

A newly deployed WLAN must allow only approved WPA2-Personal clients. The engineer sees that the controller security GUI is set to an open authentication mode. What should be corrected?

  1. Select the approved WPA2-PSK security mode and enter the authorized passphrase.
  2. Keep the WLAN open and hide the SSID instead.
  3. Increase the WLC HTTPS management port number.
  4. Change only the client IPv4 address range.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Open authentication does not verify possession of a shared WLAN key or provide the intended WPA2-PSK protected link. The WLAN security configuration must use the approved personal-key mode supported by its devices. Test a valid and invalid client credential to confirm that access policy is enforced.

Incorrect Answers

B:

SSID hiding is not a cryptographic authentication mechanism and does not supply WPA2 confidentiality. Clients can still discover or infer hidden WLAN traffic.

C:

The management web endpoint port does not govern client 802.11 authentication mode. WPA2-PSK must be configured on the WLAN service.

D:

IP subnets are assigned after link association and do not replace the wireless key handshake. The issue is an open security policy.

Question 241

A network operator sees `S 172.16.40.0/24 [1/0] via 192.0.2.2` in `show ip route`. A coworker assumes the bracketed zero means the route has no usable next hop. What is the accurate interpretation?

  1. The zero after the slash means the route has no mask and matches all IPv4 destinations.
  2. The value 1 identifies the VLAN containing the next-hop router.
  3. The entry is a static route with administrative distance 1 and displayed metric 0; its next-hop is separately shown after `via`.
  4. The route is an OSPF route because all learned protocols display an administrative distance.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Cisco routing-table notation uses the bracketed values for administrative distance and route metric, while the next-hop address appears separately. A zero metric on a static route does not mean the configured next hop is missing. Verify next-hop reachability independently when diagnosing whether forwarding through 192.0.2.2 succeeds.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The route explicitly has a /24 destination prefix. Its bracketed metric is not the subnet mask or the default-route length.

B:

Administrative distance is a trust/preference value for route installation, not a VLAN ID. The source is static, and the next-hop locator is after `via`.

D:

The S code in the displayed entry identifies a static route. OSPF has its own O route code and uses a different default administrative distance.

Question 242

The installed OSPF route line is `O 10.61.16.32/27 [110/20] via 198.51.100.12`. Which field reports the ROUTING METRIC for that destination?

  1. The value `20` after the slash in `[110/20]`.
  2. `110`, the first bracketed number.
  3. `/27`, the destination mask length.
  4. `198.51.100.12`, the next-hop address.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

OSPF installs a selected path with an associated protocol metric or cost. In the Cisco bracket display `[administrative distance/metric]`, 110 indicates the OSPF route source distance while 20 is the cost used to compare eligible OSPF paths. The next hop is displayed separately after `via`.

Incorrect Answers

B:

110 is OSPF’s standard administrative distance, used when comparing route origins. It is not the OSPF cost of this prefix, which follows the slash.

C:

A route prefix length controls which destination IPs match the route. The OSPF cost is the separate bracketed value {metric}, not the mask length.

D:

A next-hop IP locates the forwarding neighbor, not the numerical OSPF metric. It is the path endpoint value after `via`.

Question 243

A router interface has address `192.0.2.76/24`, and the local route display also contains `L 192.0.2.76/32 is directly connected`. How should the L entry be interpreted?

  1. It is the directed broadcast address for every /24 subnet.
  2. It is a local host route for the router’s own interface address 192.0.2.76.
  3. It is a floating static route waiting for link failure.
  4. It is a route learned from a remote link-state router.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

IOS generally installs a local /32 entry corresponding to each assigned IPv4 interface address. The L code indicates that packets destined specifically to 192.0.2.76 are for the router itself, whereas the connected /24 entry covers other hosts on the subnet. This is not an automatically learned OSPF neighbor route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A host /32 matching the interface’s configured address does not automatically identify the subnet’s directed broadcast. Those are distinct IP address roles.

C:

Floating statics use configured distance and an S code; L entries reflect local interface addresses. No backup route is being demonstrated.

D:

OSPF-learned routes use the O code. L identifies the router’s own local interface address and is not the result of a remote advertisement.

Question 244

A Cisco routing table shows `C 10.73.31.160/27 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/3`. No `via` IP is displayed. What does that imply about the route?

  1. The network is learned from OSPF and must use area 0.
  2. The route exists only as an administrative default gateway for all prefixes.
  3. The prefix is on a directly attached interface GigabitEthernet0/3; forwarding can resolve a neighbor on that link.
  4. The destination is unreachable because every installed route must include a `via` next hop.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Code C marks a directly connected network that the router can reach through its own GigabitEthernet0/3 interface. There is no separate remote next-hop IP in this route entry. For a reachable host on the connected IPv4 subnet, the router can use ARP to discover the destination MAC on that local link.

Incorrect Answers

A:

OSPF routes use O rather than C as their origin code. A directly connected interface is a distinct route source, regardless of whether OSPF later advertises it.

B:

A connected prefix identifies a particular subnet, not the universal 0.0.0.0/0 gateway of last resort. The route matches destinations within its own configured prefix.

D:

Connected routes do not need a remote next-hop address; the router reaches on-link neighbors through its own interface. The absence of `via` is normal for code C.

Question 245

An IOS router has only a connected route to 192.0.2.0/24 and no default route. Its operator queries `show ip route` and sees no gateway of last resort. What happens to a packet sent to unrelated destination 203.0.113.11?

  1. The connected 192.0.2.0/24 interface becomes a universal default route automatically.
  2. The router floods the packet out every interface as a Layer 2 broadcast.
  3. Without any matching installed route or default, the router normally discards the packet as unroutable.
  4. The router forwards through its own loopback without consulting the routing table.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

IP forwarding uses destination route lookup against installed prefixes. A directly connected 192.0.2.0/24 covers only that network and cannot forward a packet addressed to the unrelated 203.0.113.11 destination. With no gateway of last resort, no eligible next hop exists, so the packet cannot be routed normally.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Connected prefixes cover only their actual subnet. IOS does not reinterpret one local network as 0.0.0.0/0 just because no default is configured.

B:

Routers forward unicast IPv4 packets using route lookups. They do not substitute campus-style Ethernet flooding for missing Layer 3 reachability.

D:

A loopback is a local logical interface, not an automatic fallback gateway for unknown destinations. The destination still requires a matching installed prefix.

Question 246

Router R2 has `S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 203.0.113.21` and several more-specific connected routes. What does the star-marked zero-length prefix represent?

  1. A Layer 2 broadcast address reserved for the connected VLAN.
  2. A host-specific static route matching only 0.0.0.0.
  3. An OSPF neighbor with router ID 0.0.0.0.
  4. A candidate default route or gateway of last resort via 203.0.113.21.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The IPv4 0.0.0.0/0 prefix matches any destination address, making it a default forwarding candidate when no more specific usable route applies. The S code identifies a configured static route and the star marks its candidate-default role. Actual traffic still prefers matching routes with longer prefixes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Layer 2 broadcasts use Ethernet destination ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff; 0.0.0.0/0 is an IPv4 route prefix, not a switch forwarding broadcast address.

B:

A /0 route has no fixed network bits, so it matches the entire IPv4 space rather than one host. Host routes use /32 and have the opposite specificity.

C:

The display is in the route table, and S means static. The prefix is a default route, not an OSPF router identifier or neighbor adjacency.

Question 247

A router has a configured Loopback0 address 10.255.255.1/32, and the routing table contains `L 10.255.255.1/32` and an additional connected loopback entry. Why is the L host entry present?

  1. The L code means the router learned the prefix from a remote EIGRP peer.
  2. It identifies the router’s own assigned local IPv4 address as a host destination, separate from any connected-network route.
  3. The address is a universal default route because /32 matches every possible IPv4 host.
  4. The route is an Ethernet VLAN trunk link because L abbreviates Layer 2.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

IOS distinguishes packets destined directly to a local router interface address from packets forwarded toward other nodes on a connected network. The L host entry represents that specific assigned address. It is not a learned remote route and does not imply that the router will forward the host destination to another neighbor.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Remote dynamic routes have their own protocol-origin codes. A local interface host entry is tied to the router’s own address assignment.

C:

A /32 selects exactly one 32-bit IPv4 address, while a default is /0 and matches all destinations. They have opposite prefix specificity.

D:

The output is an IPv4 routing table, not a switchport inventory. L denotes a local IP host route rather than an 802.1Q trunk.

Question 248

A branch router has a valid static default route and a more-specific OSPF route for 10.20.0.0/16. Which route handles a packet addressed to 10.20.12.4?

  1. The static default because its administrative distance is lower than OSPF.
  2. Both routes must be used together to form ECMP because one is static and one is OSPF.
  3. Neither route matches because the destination is not the network ID itself.
  4. The installed 10.20.0.0/16 OSPF route because it matches the destination more specifically than 0.0.0.0/0.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A default route is the least-specific fallback for destinations without a longer match. The 10.20.0.0/16 entry covers 10.20.12.4 and is more specific, so it is selected for forwarding even when the static default has lower administrative distance. Administrative distance matters between competing sources of the same prefix.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An installed /16 route wins longest-prefix matching over /0. A default’s low AD does not defeat a more-specific installed destination prefix.

B:

Equal-cost multipath requires compatible equal destination prefixes and path criteria. Different prefix lengths do not produce a single equal-cost forwarding set.

C:

A route’s prefix matches all host addresses within that network, not just the network-number address. 10.20.12.4 lies inside 10.20.0.0/16.

Question 249

An IOS router displays `L 192.0.2.77/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1` and receives an IPv4 packet with destination exactly 192.0.2.77. How does that entry differ from forwarding to another host in the connected /24?

  1. The packet must always be forwarded out GigabitEthernet0/1 to another host.
  2. The entry means the router needs an OSPF adjacency before accepting traffic.
  3. It is an IPv4 default route because the prefix length is /32.
  4. The /32 local entry identifies the router’s own interface IP, so the packet is destined to the local protocol stack.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

IOS normally installs a local /32 host entry for each operational IPv4 interface address. A packet matching that local address is for the router itself rather than an off-box neighbor in the surrounding subnet. The connected /24 supports ordinary on-link forwarding; the local /32 identifies the interface as the receiver.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A local /32 denotes the router’s own address, not an arbitrary destination on its link. Sending the packet as if it were another host would confuse local receive with transit forwarding.

B:

Local interface addressing works independently of OSPF route exchange. OSPF could advertise reachability, but the local host route already identifies the router as the endpoint.

C:

A default route is 0.0.0.0/0 and matches any otherwise unmatched destination. A /32 is the most specific single-address prefix, the opposite of a default route.

Question 250

A Cisco router shows `O E2 10.50.138.0/24 [110/20] via 192.0.2.20`. The operations team is unsure whether this prefix is an ordinary OSPF intra-area route or an external route. What does the code identify?

  1. A directly connected network because all OSPF entries use C.
  2. An OSPF inter-area route marked O IA.
  3. An OSPF external type-2 route, rather than an ordinary intra-area O route.
  4. A static route with administrative distance 110.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Cisco IOS prefixes route-table codes with their routing protocol and route class. `O E2` identifies an OSPF external type-2 route redistributed into the OSPF domain, while `[110/20]` expresses administrative distance and displayed metric. The external designation is independent of the next-hop address shown after `via`.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Directly connected networks use the C route code. OSPF-learned destinations have O-based codes, with E2 distinguishing an external route class.

B:

The inter-area code is O IA, representing routing across OSPF areas. The E2 suffix specifically indicates an external type-2 route.

D:

A static route uses the S code and may have configurable administrative distance. The O E2 designation identifies the route source even if its displayed distance is 110.