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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 43

Question 420

A monitoring tool queries a switch using an OID rooted in the interface MIB. What does an object identifier provide?

  1. The IPv4 default gateway selected by the switch routing table.
  2. The router’s OSPF process ID used to identify neighbors.
  3. A structured unique name for a management variable in the SNMP object hierarchy.
  4. An Ethernet VLAN identifier for the device management interface.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

An SNMP OID identifies a specific managed object or scalar/table entry through a hierarchical numeric path. The MIB supplies the interpretation and type of that value. The manager can poll the supported OID when authorized; it is not a forwarding destination or an IPv4 next-hop address.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A default gateway is an IP routing decision, not the hierarchical identifier of an SNMP managed variable. OID syntax and IP routing have different purposes.

B:

An OSPF process ID configures a local routing process, not an SNMP object namespace. The OID identifies what the manager reads.

D:

VLAN IDs segregate Layer 2 frames and do not encode arbitrary management counters or device variables. An SNMP OID names a MIB object.

Question 421

A router sends syslog messages with severity 3. What level does the numeric code 3 represent in the conventional Cisco syslog scale?

  1. Informational (severity 6).
  2. Errors (severity 3).
  3. Debugging (severity 7).
  4. Emergency (severity 0).

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Syslog severity numbers conventionally range from 0 Emergency to 7 Debugging. Severity 3 means Error, indicating an error condition that is less severe than Critical level 2 but more severe than Warning level 4. A smaller number represents greater urgency, not a higher amount of debug detail.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Information messages use severity 6 and describe normal operational events rather than the Error category at severity 3.

C:

Debug messages use the highest conventional numeric severity value, 7, and are usually far more verbose. Numeric severity 3 denotes errors, not debug.

D:

Emergency is severity 0, the most urgent category. It does not share the numerical code 3 associated with errors.

Question 422

A monitoring policy wants only syslog messages at severity Warning (4) and more urgent categories, excluding Notice (5), Information (6) and Debugging (7). Which numeric threshold achieves this?

  1. Set the threshold to level 6, excluding notice-level messages.
  2. Set the threshold to level 2, expecting all warnings and errors.
  3. Set the threshold to level 7, expecting only the most severe events.
  4. Set the logging severity threshold to level 4 (warnings), including levels 0 through 4.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Cisco syslog severity numbering uses lower values for more urgent events. Selecting warnings at level 4 normally includes messages with levels 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, while less urgent notice/informational/debug messages are excluded. This behavior is the reverse of assuming greater numbers mean greater urgency.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Level 6 includes notice and informational events in addition to warnings. It does not meet the requested suppression of lower urgency levels.

B:

Level 2 includes emergencies, alerts and critical events but excludes ordinary errors and warnings at levels 3 and 4. It is too restrictive.

C:

Level 7 includes debug messages and generally permits all categories under a threshold-style filter. It is not restricted to warning-or-higher urgency.

Question 423

A syslog message contains `%LINK-3-UPDOWN`. Under the conventional IOS message form, what does `LINK` identify?

  1. The full human-readable event description.
  2. The logging facility or subsystem that produced the message.
  3. The device’s IPv4 default gateway.
  4. The numeric severity of the message.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Cisco syslog messages often use a format containing facility, severity and mnemonic. In `%LINK-3-UPDOWN`, LINK names the subsystem while the 3 is severity and UPDOWN identifies the event mnemonic. Separating these fields helps filter and interpret notifications without confusing a device-interface name with a logging category.

Incorrect Answers

A:

UPDOWN is the mnemonic/event identifier; additional text may provide details. LINK alone denotes the facility that generated the log.

C:

LINK in this message is a symbolic logging subsystem name, not a next-hop IP address or route. Routing information is not encoded in that field.

D:

The severity is the 3 between the hyphens, not the text LINK. Treating the facility as a severity confuses the message fields.

Question 424

The NOC requires precise event ordering among routers after a link outage. Syslog transport is working, but device clocks differ by several minutes. What complementary service improves event correlation?

  1. Change every syslog facility code to LINK.
  2. Use a trusted NTP time synchronization design for the devices.
  3. Use one larger IP subnet for all logging hosts.
  4. Disable interface logging to eliminate timestamp disagreement.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Consistent device clocks are essential when comparing messages from multiple network elements. NTP maintains time alignment with a trusted source, improving the reliability of syslog timestamps. Log transport alone does not guarantee clock accuracy; two devices can report the same event time incorrectly if their local clocks drift.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A facility label categorizes message origin and does not alter when the device believes an event occurred. Timestamp skew remains.

C:

IP addressing influences reachability but cannot correct clock offsets on devices. Time synchronization is the missing requirement.

D:

Suppressing logs hides operational evidence rather than fixing skew. Proper clock synchronization preserves needed events and accurate ordering.

Question 425

A router must centralize its operational event messages in a remote syslog collector instead of keeping only the local console buffer. Which general configuration capability is needed?

  1. Configure an approved remote logging host and appropriate transport/severity settings.
  2. Only enable terminal monitor for the current SSH user.
  3. Configure a DNS A record for the switch without any logging destination.
  4. Increase an OSPF route cost on every interface.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Cisco logging can send events to a specified remote collector so the NOC can correlate failures across devices. The destination must be reachable and the permitted logging transport and severity filter must match the design. Logging to a server is separate from device time synchronization, although correct timestamps remain important.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Terminal monitor can display events in an interactive session but does not establish durable off-device collection. The case requires a remote syslog destination.

C:

DNS makes names resolvable but does not cause routers to send event messages. A configured logging host/transport is still necessary.

D:

A routing cost affects path selection, not whether syslog messages are exported. It cannot create a logging transport or collector.

Question 426

Clients on VLAN 40 obtain no DHCPv4 lease because the DHCP server 198.51.100.23 is in another routed network. The VLAN gateway is a Cisco SVI and routing to the server works. Which interface command enables DHCP relay for this subnet?

  1. Configure `ip helper-address 198.51.100.23` under `interface Vlan40`.
  2. Configure `ip helper-address 198.51.100.23` only on an unrelated WAN interface.
  3. Configure `switchport voice vlan 40` on the uplink.
  4. Configure `ip route 198.51.100.23 255.255.255.255` with no next hop.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

`ip helper-address` tells the router or SVI to relay relevant UDP broadcast requests received on the client-facing interface toward the specified server 198.51.100.23. This bridges the DHCP broadcast boundary using IP relay behavior, without making the server share the client VLAN. Configure it at the receiving client subnet gateway, not only on the server’s remote interface.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The relay must process broadcasts arriving from clients on VLAN 40. An unrelated interface will not see those initial client DHCPDISCOVER broadcasts.

C:

The voice VLAN command controls tagged phone data separation, not DHCP relay of broadcasts to 198.51.100.23. The clients need a helper-address.

D:

This is not a complete static route and routes do not forward the local DHCP broadcast by themselves. The SVI needs an actual relay destination.

Question 427

A branch Cisco router acts as a DHCP client on its WAN interface, and the interface has acquired an address. The provider renews the lease but changes the default gateway option. Which behavior should be checked before assuming the router uses that gateway?

  1. Assume any DHCP interface lease always replaces every higher-priority static default route.
  2. Change the interface into an access-mode switchport to force the gateway option to apply.
  3. Use `show vlan brief` as definitive proof of the default route used by the router.
  4. Verify the platform’s DHCP-derived default route handling and the active `show ip route` gateway of last resort.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

DHCP can supply interface addressing and optional gateway information, but whether a learned default route is installed depends on IOS configuration and platform behavior. The operational routing table is the authority for forwarding. Verify the new lease, any DHCP default-router option and competing manually configured defaults before concluding that the next hop changed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Receiving a DHCP lease does not universally override configured administrative distance or route policy. The route table must be checked to know which gateway is actually active.

B:

Switchport mode controls Layer 2 VLAN treatment on supported switches, not WAN DHCP gateway selection on a routed router interface. This change could remove required Layer 3 connectivity.

C:

VLAN membership output is a Layer 2 inventory, not an IP forwarding-table inspection. It cannot determine which default route is installed for WAN traffic.

Question 428

DHCP clients in VLAN 15 obtain correct leases when the server is on that VLAN, but fail after the server moves behind a router. The VLAN gateway remains operational. What is the most likely missing network service?

  1. Configuring PortFast on the DHCP server’s routed uplink only.
  2. Disabling the client default gateway SVI.
  3. An increase in the OSPF path cost to the remote server.
  4. DHCP/BOOTP relay forwarding from VLAN 15 to the remote server.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Local subnet broadcasts reach an on-link DHCP server naturally, but routers do not ordinarily forward them to another network. A helper/relay on VLAN 15 can forward discovery messages to the remote DHCP server. This symptom distinguishes relay placement from a server scope failure because the same clients worked while the server was local.

Incorrect Answers

A:

PortFast can aid edge-link startup but does not cause routers to forward client DHCPDISCOVER messages between subnets. A helper addresses the specific broadcast boundary.

B:

The gateway is the right place to receive and relay client DHCP broadcasts, and disabling it would also remove normal IP routing. The missing feature is relay, not the interface itself.

C:

Making a route less preferred does not forward local DHCP broadcast packets. Routing may exist, but the DHCP discovery still needs relay treatment.

Question 429

A DHCP relay forwards requests to a remote server that serves several different subnets. How can the server commonly determine which client subnet scope to use?

  1. The DNS MX record of the network domain.
  2. The switch trunk’s native VLAN number sent as a TCP source port.
  3. The OSPF DR election state on the client access VLAN.
  4. The relay agent’s gateway address information, such as the `giaddr` field.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A relay generally inserts gateway/subnet identification when forwarding a local DHCP request to the remote server. The server uses that information, among other policy inputs, to choose an address pool appropriate for the originating client network. The server cannot simply assume the client belongs to its own LAN because the request arrived as unicast from a router.

Incorrect Answers

A:

MX records indicate mail delivery destinations and do not carry the client subnet from a DHCP relay transaction. The server uses DHCP packet fields for pool selection.

B:

DHCP uses UDP and has defined relay packet fields, not a TCP source port representing the VLAN. Native VLAN settings do not replace giaddr scope information.

C:

OSPF DR roles do not identify DHCP client scopes inside the request. The relay’s gateway information is the relevant addressing context.

Question 430

A client VLAN 75 sits behind router SVI Vlan75. The DHCP server 10.1.1.10 is on another subnet. Where should an IOS `ip helper-address 10.1.1.10` normally be configured?

  1. On every end-user PC as an IOS switchport command.
  2. On the client-facing VLAN 75 routed interface receiving DHCP broadcast requests.
  3. In the DNS A record for the DHCP server name.
  4. Only on the server-facing router interface where replies emerge.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The DHCP relay receives initial broadcasts on the client subnet and forwards them as routed messages to the configured remote server. Applying the helper on the client-facing SVI captures those broadcasts at the proper ingress point and provides information for scope selection. Placing it only on the server-facing interface misses the client broadcasts.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Normal PCs run DHCP clients, not Cisco IOS interface relay commands. The L3 gateway/relay device performs forwarding for their broadcasts.

C:

Name records do not forward broadcast packets or supply DHCP relay gateway information. The IOS interface helper configuration must be present.

D:

That interface does not normally receive the client’s local DHCPDISCOVER broadcast. The helper belongs at the broadcast ingress side of the routed boundary.