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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 40

Question 390

An HSRP active router continues responding to LAN clients even after its tracked upstream interface fails. Router B has priority 100; A normally has 120. What tracking decrement would make A’s effective priority LOWER than B when its upstream goes down?

  1. Exactly 10 points, because any nonzero decrement guarantees a lower priority.
  2. At least 21 priority points, taking A below 100, assuming the tracking and preemption behavior is configured correctly.
  3. Exactly 20 points, because equal priority always forces Router B to preempt A.
  4. Set the decrement to zero and increase the HSRP virtual MAC address.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

HSRP object tracking subtracts a configured decrement from the active router’s base priority when the monitored object fails. With A at 120 and B at 100, a decrement of 20 only creates a tie while 21 reduces A to 99. For a deliberate transition, confirm B’s preemption configuration and whether it can actually forward upstream after takeover.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A would still have effective priority 110, higher than B’s 100. The decrement must cross the peer’s priority rather than merely change the number.

C:

A decrement of 20 produces 100 versus 100. A deterministic requirement to be LOWER needs at least 21, independent of election tie-breakers.

D:

A zero decrement leaves A at 120 and does not signal loss of upstream forwarding. Virtual MAC format is not the mechanism for tracked priority reduction.

Question 391

An IOS router uses `ip nat inside source list 10 interface Gi0/1 overload`, but clients still leave with untranslated private sources. Packet captures show Gi0/0 is the LAN and Gi0/1 is the ISP. Which interface properties should be checked?

  1. Configure the outside interface with `ip nat inside` as well.
  2. Add `spanning-tree portfast` to the ISP router’s routed interface.
  3. Confirm `ip nat inside` on Gi0/0 and `ip nat outside` on Gi0/1, plus the matching source ACL.
  4. Change the host DNS search suffix to the public-domain name.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Inside-source NAT depends on explicit inside and outside interface roles and on the traffic selection policy in the named ACL. If a LAN packet does not cross the expected inside-to-outside boundary or fails ACL selection, the overload rule may not create a translation. Verify routing, interface roles and `show ip nat translations` together.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Marking both sides as inside breaks the intended inside-to-outside translation boundary. The ISP-facing interface should be outside under the stated topology.

B:

PortFast applies to spanning-tree-enabled switch edge ports, not the NAT classification of routed LAN/WAN interfaces. It cannot create an inside/outside translation mapping.

D:

The packet captures already show untranslated private source IPs, a NAT policy/interface issue independent of DNS names. DNS configuration does not set IOS NAT interface direction.

Question 392

An inside host 10.25.36.17 starts a TCP session using source port 39271; the border router has PAT overload using outside address 198.51.100.26. The translation table shows that this session kept port 39271. Which inside-global source tuple appears for this flow?

  1. 198.51.100.26:22720 for 10.25.36.17:39271
  2. 198.51.100.26:39271 for 198.51.100.26:39271
  3. 10.25.36.17:39271 for 10.25.36.17:39271
  4. 198.51.100.26:39271 for 10.25.36.17:39271

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Port Address Translation (NAT overload) replaces the inside-local source address 10.25.36.17 with the configured inside-global address 198.51.100.26. The observed entry retains source port 39271, so this session appears externally as 198.51.100.26:39271. PAT uses protocol and port tuple state to distinguish simultaneous inside flows sharing a public address; it is not merely a static one-to-one host mapping.

Incorrect Answers

A:

PAT can translate port numbers when necessary, but the case explicitly states this mapping retained port 39271, not 22720. Replacing the actual observed port with an unrelated value contradicts the translation record.

B:

This choice uses the correct public address and port but mistakenly treats that tuple as its own inside-local origin. The inside-local client is 10.25.36.17:39271; translating an external address back to itself would not represent this client’s outbound session.

C:

10.25.36.17:39271 is the original inside-local tuple, not the public inside-global tuple that outside hosts see. An active PAT rule changes the source address to 198.51.100.26 on traffic leaving the configured outside interface.

Question 393

A Cisco edge router maps inside host 10.25.31.17 to public address 198.51.100.21 for an outbound connection. Which term labels 10.25.31.17 in the NAT address terminology?

  1. Inside-global, because 10.25.31.17 is private.
  2. Outside-global, because the packet is sent toward the Internet.
  3. The inside-local address, because it identifies the internal host before translation.
  4. Outside-local, because source traffic leaves an inside interface.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

NAT distinguishes an inside host’s address as seen within its own domain from the address that represents it externally. Here 10.25.31.17 is the original inside-local address; 198.51.100.21 is its inside-global representation. The naming distinction is important when interpreting translation tables and troubleshooting policy.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Inside-global describes the public-facing translated representation of the inside host, not its original private address. In this case that representation is 198.51.100.21.

B:

Outside-global describes an external destination as seen on the outside network. The 10.25.31.17 address belongs to the internal source device instead.

D:

Outside-local is an addressing view of an outside destination, not a new label for a private inside source. NAT inside/outside roles are not determined by departure direction alone.

Question 394

A branch has hundreds of inside users but only one outside public IPv4 address. Their outbound TCP/UDP sessions must coexist. Which NAT technique supports this?

  1. Switch VLAN tagging only, without any address translation.
  2. PAT/NAT overload using source port tracking on the shared global address.
  3. DNS round-robin as an outbound IP source-port translator.
  4. A separate one-to-one static global IPv4 address for each inside host.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

PAT allows multiple inside-local source tuples to map through the same public IPv4 address by differentiating sessions with transport protocol and port values. The router maintains translation state for replies to return to the correct internal host. The NAT rule still needs matched inside source traffic and correctly designated inside/outside interfaces.

Incorrect Answers

A:

VLAN tags separate Layer 2 domains but do not substitute globally usable IPv4 source addressing at the border. Private inside source addresses still require routing and, for ordinary Internet access, translation.

C:

DNS can return different service IP addresses, but it does not rewrite or track outbound client TCP/UDP source tuples. NAT overload performs that translation state.

D:

A dedicated static global address per user would require many more public addresses than the single one available. PAT is designed to multiplex sessions.

Question 395

Two inside clients both use source TCP port 50000 and concurrently connect to the same Internet server. The edge runs PAT through a single outside address 198.51.100.23. What allows the router to distinguish return flows?

  1. PAT can translate one client to a different available outside source port so the active tuples remain distinct.
  2. The router must disconnect one client because source ports cannot be shared by inside hosts.
  3. The destination server chooses which inside private address to return to without NAT state.
  4. Every client must be assigned a unique VLAN ID to reuse PAT ports.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Port address translation tracks protocol, addresses and port identifiers for each concurrent session. If two clients would otherwise present the same outside source tuple, the router can allocate a different available translated port. Return traffic is then mapped to the correct inside-local client using the translation state.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Different inside endpoints routinely use the same local port values. PAT can assign distinct translated identifiers on the shared external address.

C:

The Internet server sees translated source tuples, not each RFC 1918 source. NAT state on the edge is required to reverse the mapping.

D:

VLAN IDs control local Layer 2 separation, not the transport source-port mapping. PAT can support multiple clients in one VLAN.

Question 396

A branch is configured for dynamic inside-source NAT with a pool of two public IPv4 addresses but no overload keyword. All mapping addresses are occupied by long-lived sessions, and an additional internal host starts new traffic. What limits its translation?

  1. DNS TTL alone guarantees an unused NAT pool address appears immediately.
  2. Adding another private RFC 1918 address creates a new public NAT pool address automatically.
  3. The configured NAT pool can never exhaust because each outside address supports unlimited distinct hosts without overload.
  4. The dynamic NAT pool has no free address mapping for the additional host.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Dynamic address-pool NAT without overload establishes mappings using available global addresses from its configured pool. When all permitted addresses are occupied, another inside host may lack a translation until a mapping expires or the pool is expanded. PAT overload is a separate design that multiplexes sessions using port identifiers.

Incorrect Answers

A:

DNS caching governs name-resolution records, not availability of inside-global addresses in a NAT pool. The mapping capacity is the relevant constraint.

B:

Inside-local space is not interchangeable with the public pool. The configured outside address inventory still has only two available globals.

C:

Without port overload, address mapping is more constrained. This scenario explicitly exhausts the two configured global addresses.

Question 397

A remote user accesses public server address 198.51.100.24, which is statically translated to inside server 10.25.34.17. Which destination does the edge router forward toward on the internal network after applying the inbound mapping?

  1. The edge must preserve 198.51.100.24 as the server’s private interface address.
  2. Internal server 10.25.34.17, the inside-local destination corresponding to the static inside-global address.
  3. The router sends the connection to every host on the inside VLAN.
  4. The router changes the server destination to the client’s original TCP source port.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A static inside-source NAT mapping is reversible for supported inbound traffic toward the published global address. After matching 198.51.100.24 on the outside, the router translates the destination to the internal host 10.25.34.17 and forwards it subject to routing and security policies. Translation alone does not authorize the packet through a restrictive firewall.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The mapped public address represents the inside host externally. The internal server is addressed 10.25.34.17, and the router must translate appropriately.

C:

Static NAT specifies one mapped inside host, not a broadcast or replication service. Other private hosts are not the published destination.

D:

Ports and addresses identify different parts of a flow. A static address mapping translates the destination IPv4 address to the server, not to a client port.

Question 398

A company hosts an internal web service at 10.10.10.10 and needs a consistent mapping to assigned public address 198.51.100.20 for inbound reachability. Which translation model fits?

  1. Dynamic NAT from an arbitrary changing pool with no fixed address assignment.
  2. PAT overload for every LAN client as a replacement for a fixed server mapping.
  3. Static one-to-one inside-source NAT from the private host to the assigned public address.
  4. DNS A records pointing directly to 10.10.10.10 for external Internet clients.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Static NAT associates a specified inside-local address with a persistent inside-global address, allowing predictable mapping when other required reachability and ACL policies permit. The public IPv4 identity can be published for the service while retaining the server’s inside address. Verify interface NAT roles and inbound security; NAT mapping alone is not a firewall permit.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Dynamic pool translations can allocate available global addresses to inside hosts but do not guarantee one stable public address to publish for this server. The service needs a consistent mapping.

B:

PAT is useful for many outbound sessions sharing public addresses using transport ports. Ordinary outbound PAT does not establish the required persistent one-to-one inbound server identity by itself.

D:

Publishing a private RFC 1918 address does not make it globally reachable. DNS names and NAT mappings are separate; the service still needs a public-facing route/translation and policy.

Question 399

A public HTTPS endpoint 203.0.113.53:8443 must reach an internal server 10.11.8.10:443, while unrelated ports on the same public address should not map to that server. Which NAT design supports this restricted service publication?

  1. Create an unrestricted one-to-one host mapping and assume only port 8443 can ever reach the server.
  2. Configure a dynamic inside-source pool with no static reservation and expect every inbound connection to find that one server.
  3. A static TCP port mapping from outside TCP 8443 to the specified inside host TCP 443, with an appropriate security permit.
  4. Enable NAT overload for all inside clients and expect it to forward unsolicited inbound HTTPS to the chosen server.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Static NAT of an entire address translates its host identity more broadly than needed; static port translation can publish one TCP listener using selected outside and inside port numbers. A correct mapping sends requests for the chosen external destination to the intended internal HTTPS socket, while other ports remain subject to independent rules. Check whether the platform and routing/security policy support the translation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A whole-host static NAT alone does not enforce port-limited service exposure. The requirement calls for specific port forwarding and appropriate filtering.

B:

A dynamic allocation does not guarantee a stable inbound server mapping for unsolicited connections. Service publication needs a deterministic translation.

D:

Outbound PAT permits many inside hosts to share an address but does not by itself declare the required dedicated inbound port mapping. Use an explicit supported static port translation.

Question 400

A Cisco PAT rule is `ip nat inside source list 10 interface Gi0/1 overload`. The ACL permits 10.25.30.0/24, but one host 10.25.31.17 remains untranslated even with correct inside/outside markings. What policy detail explains the symptom?

  1. An IPv4 address must be changed to match the public interface before NAT can operate.
  2. The overload keyword disables address translation for all TCP sessions.
  3. The NAT source ACL does not match 10.25.31.17, so that host is outside the eligible translation set.
  4. A router can perform NAT only if OSPF is disabled on the inside interface.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

An ACL named in an IOS inside-source NAT overload statement selects which inside-local sources may be translated. Host 10.25.31.17 is outside the permitted 10.25.30.0/24 network, so the rule will not create the expected translation for it. Update the approved source match only if this subnet is authorized to use PAT.

Incorrect Answers

A:

NAT is designed to translate internal sources to a global address, not require the host to use the outside IP. Its source selection is determined by the ACL.

B:

Overload permits many inside sessions to share the outside address using translated identifiers. The observed exclusion is the mismatched source ACL.

D:

Routing protocols do not inherently prevent PAT. The relevant evidence is the NAT statement’s source ACL and interface roles.