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Cisco 200-301 Bundle

Exam Code: 200-301

Exam Name Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification Provider: Cisco

Corresponding Certification: CCNA

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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 10

Question 90

A router needs to send an IPv6 packet to ALL IPv6 devices on the local link, without enumerating their addresses. What destination is appropriate?

  1. `ff02::1`, the IPv6 link-local all-nodes multicast address.
  2. `fe80::1`, one link-local unicast interface.
  3. `2001:db8::1`, a global unicast address.
  4. `ff02::2`, all routers on the link.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

IPv6 uses multicast rather than IPv4-style broadcast. `ff02::1` has link-local scope and identifies all IPv6 nodes on that link. Routers do not forward this link-scoped multicast to distant subnets, so it cannot be used for Internet-wide discovery.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A link-local unicast address targets a specific interface rather than the all-nodes multicast group. It cannot by itself reach all nodes on the LAN.

C:

Global unicast normally denotes one routed interface, not a multicast group. Its prefix does not automatically deliver a packet to all link-local devices.

D:

`ff02::2` targets IPv6 routers, not every attached IPv6 endpoint. It would omit ordinary host recipients that are not routers.

Question 91

An access switch needs to send a multicast Neighbor Solicitation toward the solicited-node group for a target IPv6 address. Which general IPv6 prefix identifies those multicast groups?

  1. `ff02::1:ff00:0/104`, with low 24 bits from the target address.
  2. `2000::/3`, global unicast space.
  3. `fe80::/10`, link-local unicast address range.
  4. `fc00::/7`, unique local unicast space.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Neighbor Discovery uses solicited-node multicast addresses, constructed in the link-local multicast range with the low 24 bits of the target IPv6 address. This limits which nodes must inspect the solicitation compared with a broadcast to all hosts. The prefix `ff02::1:ff00:0/104` identifies that family of destination groups.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Global unicast addresses may serve as Neighbor Discovery targets, but the solicited-node packet is sent to a multicast destination. A unicast range is not the destination multicast group.

C:

This is the unicast link-local prefix used by interface addresses, not the multicast destination family of a Neighbor Solicitation. The ff02 prefix is required.

D:

ULAs provide internal IPv6 unicast addressing, not the Neighbor Discovery multicast destination. Neighbor Solicitation uses a link-scoped multicast group.

Question 92

An IPv6 host examines `fc00::/7` addresses used within an enterprise, including `fd12:3456:789a::/48`. Which address type is represented?

  1. IPv6 multicast group membership in ff00::/8.
  2. Globally allocated IPv6 Internet unicast for unrestricted advertisement.
  3. Unique local IPv6 unicast addressing intended for private internal use.
  4. Link-local unicast that must stay on the same physical segment.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Unique local addresses occupy fc00::/7, with commonly generated locally assigned prefixes in fd00::/8. They can be routed within an organization or between cooperating internal sites but are not meant for normal public Internet routing. They differ from link-local fe80::/10, which is restricted to a single link.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Multicast addresses begin with ff, not fc or fd. ULAs identify unicast endpoints rather than multicast groups.

B:

ULAs are designed for local scope and not expected to be propagated through the public Internet. Public global unicast assignment uses a different allocation regime.

D:

Link-local addresses use fe80::/10, not fdxx private organizational prefixes. ULAs may be routed between internal subnets under policy.

Question 93

A router must send an IPv6 Neighbor Discovery packet only on the local link. Which address scope is used for link-local communication, not globally routed unicast?

  1. An FE80::/10 IPv6 link-local address on the relevant interface.
  2. An FF02::1 multicast group as the interface unicast address.
  3. A 2001:db8::/32 documentation global unicast address.
  4. An FC00::/7 unique-local address as the required link-local identifier.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

IPv6 link-local addresses use the FE80::/10 scope and are used for on-link functions such as Neighbor Discovery. Routers do not forward these addresses between different links, so an interface scope may be required when multiple links exist. A global unicast prefix is suitable for routable destinations, but not a substitute for the built-in local-link identity.

Incorrect Answers

B:

FF02::1 is an all-nodes multicast destination on the local link, not a unicast address assigned to identify one interface. Multicast groups and link-local unicast addresses serve different IPv6 roles.

C:

Documentation global-unicast notation illustrates routable IPv6 address structure, not the link-local scope used by Neighbor Discovery. A route across subnets is a different operation from on-link neighbor communication.

D:

Unique-local IPv6 addresses are intended for limited-site routing domains and can be routed within an organization. They do not have the required nonforwardable link-local semantics of FE80::/10.

Question 94

A site wants IPv6 internal addressing that can be routed among its internal sites but is not intended to be globally Internet routed. Which prefix category fits?

  1. IPv6 unique-local addresses from FC00::/7, using an appropriately generated local prefix.
  2. FF00::/8 multicast addressing as unicast host identities.
  3. 2001:db8::/32 as a real globally assigned enterprise prefix.
  4. FE80::/10 link-local addressing on every routed intersite interface.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Unique-local IPv6 space is designed for communication within a limited organizational routing domain. It may be routed among internal subnets and sites without using globally assigned unicast prefixes. Link-local FE80 addresses cannot traverse routers, and multicast scopes do not identify ordinary internal hosts, so ULA addresses fit this requirement.

Incorrect Answers

B:

IPv6 multicast prefixes identify recipient groups rather than unique host interfaces. A routed internal host-addressing plan needs unicast prefixes, not group destination addresses.

C:

The 2001:db8 documentation space is reserved for examples, not an allocation for actual production addressing. Global unicast deployment requires an authentic assigned prefix and differs from local-only ULA intent.

D:

FE80 link-local addresses support neighbor communication on each interface but are not forwarded between links. Using them alone cannot identify ordinary hosts across the routed organizational sites.

Question 95

A security analyst reviews destination address `ff05::2` in an IPv6 trace and must determine whether it is a unicast host address. Which interpretation is correct?

  1. A 48-bit Ethernet MAC address written in hexadecimal.
  2. It is a site-local-scope IPv6 multicast destination for the defined group.
  3. An IPv6 link-local host with fe80::/10 scope.
  4. A global-unicast server address routable exactly like 2001:db8::2.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The ff00::/8 range identifies IPv6 multicast addresses, and the scope nibble in ff05 indicates site-local scope. These are not assigned as ordinary individual unicast interface addresses. The specific group identifier determines which devices are intended recipients, subject to multicast membership and network support.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IPv6 multicast group addresses contain 128 bits and use colon-hex IPv6 syntax. A hardware Ethernet MAC is a separate identifier and format.

C:

The address does not begin with fe80 and does not identify a single link-local endpoint. The ff05 pattern encodes a multicast scope and group.

D:

A prefix beginning ff is multicast, not global unicast. Global unicast forwarding semantics to one host do not describe the group destination.

Question 96

A monitoring system sends one IPv6 packet to a service address advertised at several geographically separate nodes, and the network delivers it to one nearby instance based on unicast routing. What addressing concept is illustrated?

  1. IPv6 multicast, which delivers the packet to every group member.
  2. IPv4 limited broadcast carried inside an IPv6 header.
  3. Unique-local addressing because FC00 automatically selects a nearby server.
  4. IPv6 anycast using the same unicast-form address on multiple endpoints.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

An IPv6 anycast address is assigned to more than one interface and normal routing delivers a packet to a nearest or otherwise best-routed instance. It has the same general syntax as unicast addresses but a different deployment model. This supports resilient distributed services; it does not replicate a packet to all instances like multicast.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Multicast explicitly targets a group and can deliver traffic to multiple joined receivers, depending on routing scope. The scenario says a single best-routed service instance answers, characteristic of anycast.

B:

IPv6 does not use IPv4 broadcast semantics as its anycast service model. Delivering to one of several nodes is normal IPv6 routing to a shared anycast unicast-form address.

C:

ULA is a scope category for internal unicast prefixes, not automatically a multi-instance selection mechanism. Ordinary ULA hosts do not become anycast peers merely because they share an organizational prefix.

Question 97

A router forms a new IPv6 address by inserting `ff:fe` into a 48-bit Ethernet MAC and flipping the universal/local bit of the first octet. Which technique is illustrated?

  1. IPv4 NAT overload that shares one public IPv4 address.
  2. An 802.1Q VLAN tag inserted into an Ethernet frame.
  3. A random privacy extension that never uses the MAC address.
  4. Modified EUI-64 interface identifier construction.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Modified EUI-64 derives a 64-bit IPv6 interface identifier from a 48-bit MAC by inserting ff:fe and toggling the universal/local bit. It is one possible stable identifier strategy, but privacy addresses or randomized identifiers are common alternatives. Recognizing the bit transform distinguishes it from simply concatenating the MAC unchanged.

Incorrect Answers

A:

NAT overload translates IPv4 addresses and ports. It does not construct an IPv6 interface identifier from an Ethernet MAC address.

B:

VLAN tagging adds an Ethernet header field for segmentation; it does not alter a MAC into a 64-bit IPv6 interface ID. The bit operation belongs to address construction.

C:

Privacy addresses usually generate a temporary or opaque identifier rather than deterministically inserting ff:fe into the NIC MAC. The described conversion is specifically EUI-64.

Question 98

A technician sees IPv6 multicast address FF02::1 and wants to know which recipients can receive traffic to it on a single link. Which interpretation is correct?

  1. Only the default router, because FF02::1 is a router-exclusive group.
  2. Every IPv6 node throughout the entire Internet.
  3. Only the single host with global unicast address 2001:db8::1.
  4. All IPv6 nodes joined to the link-local all-nodes multicast group.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

FF02::1 is the well-known all-nodes multicast address with link-local multicast scope. IPv6 devices on the local link listen for it for specified control functions, and routers do not forward that scoped traffic to remote links. It identifies a group of receivers, unlike an ordinary FE80 link-local unicast address assigned to one interface.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IPv6 has a separate all-routers group FF02::2. FF02::1 refers to all nodes on the link, so it cannot be restricted to router interfaces.

B:

The 02 scope in FF02 marks link-local multicast, so the packet is not routed globally. Inferring Internet-wide distribution ignores the explicit scope field in the address.

C:

FF02::1 is not a global-unicast destination and does not identify one numbered host. Multiple IPv6 nodes on the local segment can receive group-addressed traffic.

Question 99

An IPv6 router advertises service address `2001:db8:2::55` from multiple data centers. Clients route to one topologically nearest advertising site; only one node handles each packet. What addressing model is this?

  1. IPv6 link-local unicast scoped to one Ethernet segment.
  2. IPv6 multicast where every subscriber gets the same packet.
  3. IPv6 anycast with the same address advertised at multiple nodes.
  4. IPv4-directed broadcast to all hosts in a remote subnet.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Anycast uses one unicast-format address assigned to multiple service instances, with routing delivering a packet to one suitable instance according to path selection. It provides locality or redundancy, not fan-out to every receiver. The operator must design the advertisements and health behavior; anycast alone is not session synchronization.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Link-local addresses cannot be routed among separate data centers. The service is reachable over the routed network using a global-style anycast address.

B:

Multicast intentionally distributes traffic to the subscribed group, unlike the requirement that one service instance handle the request. Anycast delivery selects a single destination.

D:

IPv4 broadcast is a different address family and fan-out behavior. It cannot explain IPv6 path-based selection among multiple service instances.

Question 100

A Linux administrator needs to see the host routing table and determine which default gateway carries traffic outside the subnet. Which command is suited to that requirement?

  1. `show spanning-tree` on the host shell.
  2. `ip route show` on the Linux host.
  3. `dig example.com` alone.
  4. `ip neigh` alone.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The Linux `ip route` command shows the kernel IPv4 routing table, including connected prefixes and the default route with the gateway and interface. This is the local forwarding decision context needed for remote connectivity. Displaying DNS records or MAC neighbors alone does not identify the selected IP default path.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Spanning Tree is a switching-control protocol, not a Linux host command for its IP route table. The gateway is a Layer 3 forwarding parameter.

C:

A DNS query can verify name resolution, but does not show the operating system’s installed default gateway. Reachability can fail even if DNS returns a valid IP.

D:

`ip neigh` displays neighbor address resolution entries such as local IP-to-MAC mappings. It does not give the complete route table or the default route selection.