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Isaca CISA Bundle

Exam Code: CISA

Exam Name Certified Information Systems Auditor

Certification Provider: Isaca

Corresponding Certification: CISA

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Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) Practice Tests

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Isaca CISA Practice Test 85

Question 840

During an outsourced-services renewal at a logistics group, the IS auditor learns that a web app accepts unsanitized input despite a known injection exposure. The affected operation supports freight tracking and fleet operations. Delivery commitments and partner data flow through this process. Management states that remediation is complete. Which evidence BEST supports closing this issue?

  1. A maintained risk-control matrix and independent operating tests show assigned controls meet defined security outcomes.
  2. Controlled detections and case reviews show significant events are logged, prioritized and escalated within approved windows.
  3. A rehearsed response record shows timely authorized containment, validated recovery and closure of assigned improvements.
  4. Threat-driven test results show identified entry paths are blocked or monitored and accountable risks are remediated.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Correct. Threat-driven test results show identified entry paths are blocked or monitored and accountable risks are remediated. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that a web app accepts unsanitized input despite a known injection exposure. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

B:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. The relevant success criterion is evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion; this measures a different function.

Question 841

During a routine controls assessment at a regional hospital, the IS auditor learns that a penetration test excludes the production-facing authentication endpoint. The affected operation supports patient-care scheduling and claims processing. Healthcare service continuity and protected records are at stake. Which risk should the auditor treat as the PRIMARY concern arising from these facts?

  1. Poor collection integrity or chain of custody can undermine forensic reliability and accountability.
  2. Material attacks may go undetected or unhandled when monitoring coverage, correlation and escalation fail.
  3. Security testing can miss material exposure or create uncontrolled disruption if scope, validation and remediation are weak.
  4. Excessive or untraceable access can enable unauthorized transactions and defeat accountability.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Correct. Security testing can miss material exposure or create uncontrolled disruption if scope, validation and remediation are weak. The described exception is: a penetration test excludes the production-facing authentication endpoint. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of patient-care scheduling and claims processing, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Poor collection integrity or chain of custody can undermine forensic reliability and accountability. That protection can exist while evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion is still missing.

B:

Material attacks may go undetected or unhandled when monitoring coverage, correlation and escalation fail. It protects a different risk than the evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion requirement.

D:

Excessive or untraceable access can enable unauthorized transactions and defeat accountability. Recurrence here depends on evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not this safeguard.

Question 842

During a routine controls assessment at a regional hospital, the IS auditor learns that a penetration test excludes the production-facing authentication endpoint. The affected operation supports patient-care scheduling and claims processing. Healthcare service continuity and protected records are at stake. What test BEST distinguishes effective control operation from an unsupported assertion?

  1. Trace selected risks through framework control objectives, accountable owners, implemented safeguards and monitoring results.
  2. Trace injected or historical test events from source ingestion through detection rules, triage and escalation records.
  3. Review test authorization, representative scope, evidence, independent verification and corrective retesting of significant findings.
  4. Reconcile identities to authoritative HR records and test joiner-mover-leaver, role segregation and privileged event reviews.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Correct. Review test authorization, representative scope, evidence, independent verification and corrective retesting of significant findings. The procedure directly tests the reported condition that a penetration test excludes the production-facing authentication endpoint. A defensible IS audit conclusion requires relevant and reliable evidence from the actual control population and period.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. It changes a different feature than evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

B:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. That change would not implement evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

D:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion prerequisite remains unaddressed.

Question 843

During a routine controls assessment at a regional hospital, the IS auditor learns that a penetration test excludes the production-facing authentication endpoint. The affected operation supports patient-care scheduling and claims processing. Healthcare service continuity and protected records are at stake. What result would best demonstrate sustained operation of the corrected control?

  1. Controlled detections and case reviews show significant events are logged, prioritized and escalated within approved windows.
  2. Authorized test reports and targeted retests demonstrate critical exposures are identified, risk-rated and resolved.
  3. Sampled access removals, conflict checks and individually attributed privileged logs prove least privilege and separation.
  4. Dated custody logs and matching evidence hashes permit reproducible analysis from protected originals and controlled copies.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Correct. Authorized test reports and targeted retests demonstrate critical exposures are identified, risk-rated and resolved. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that a penetration test excludes the production-facing authentication endpoint. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. That result could pass without demonstrating evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

D:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. The relevant success criterion is evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion; this measures a different function.

Question 844

During a payment-platform modernization at a payment clearing organization, the IS auditor learns that a vulnerability scanner produces findings without asset ownership or remediation tracking. The affected operation supports merchant settlement and reconciliation. Finance and settlement integrity depend on this operation. Where should the audit team focus its principal finding?

  1. Poor collection integrity or chain of custody can undermine forensic reliability and accountability.
  2. Security testing can miss material exposure or create uncontrolled disruption if scope, validation and remediation are weak.
  3. Exposed administration surfaces and weak segment or endpoint controls can enable unauthorized access and lateral movement.
  4. Uncoordinated response can worsen damage, jeopardize evidence or miss critical decision and communication obligations.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Correct. Security testing can miss material exposure or create uncontrolled disruption if scope, validation and remediation are weak. The described exception is: a vulnerability scanner produces findings without asset ownership or remediation tracking. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of merchant settlement and reconciliation, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Poor collection integrity or chain of custody can undermine forensic reliability and accountability. The configuration must instead establish evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

C:

Exposed administration surfaces and weak segment or endpoint controls can enable unauthorized access and lateral movement. It changes a different feature than evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

D:

Uncoordinated response can worsen damage, jeopardize evidence or miss critical decision and communication obligations. That change would not implement evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

Question 845

During a payment-platform modernization at a payment clearing organization, the IS auditor learns that a vulnerability scanner produces findings without asset ownership or remediation tracking. The affected operation supports merchant settlement and reconciliation. Finance and settlement integrity depend on this operation. Which substantive or control test most directly addresses the observation?

  1. Trace selected risks through framework control objectives, accountable owners, implemented safeguards and monitoring results.
  2. Trace response exercises and incidents through roles, containment, communication, evidence preservation, recovery and lessons learned.
  3. Review test authorization, representative scope, evidence, independent verification and corrective retesting of significant findings.
  4. Compare intended network and endpoint baselines with live configurations, rule flows and controlled connectivity checks.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Correct. Review test authorization, representative scope, evidence, independent verification and corrective retesting of significant findings. The procedure directly tests the reported condition that a vulnerability scanner produces findings without asset ownership or remediation tracking. A defensible IS audit conclusion requires relevant and reliable evidence from the actual control population and period.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion prerequisite remains unaddressed.

B:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. It changes a different feature than evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

D:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The configuration must instead establish evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

Question 846

During a payment-platform modernization at a payment clearing organization, the IS auditor learns that a vulnerability scanner produces findings without asset ownership or remediation tracking. The affected operation supports merchant settlement and reconciliation. Finance and settlement integrity depend on this operation. What outcome would provide the STRONGEST evidence that the identified gap is resolved?

  1. Authorized test reports and targeted retests demonstrate critical exposures are identified, risk-rated and resolved.
  2. Live rule and posture tests deny unauthorized paths while proving required approved service communications still work.
  3. Dated custody logs and matching evidence hashes permit reproducible analysis from protected originals and controlled copies.
  4. A rehearsed response record shows timely authorized containment, validated recovery and closure of assigned improvements.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Correct. Authorized test reports and targeted retests demonstrate critical exposures are identified, risk-rated and resolved. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that a vulnerability scanner produces findings without asset ownership or remediation tracking. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. That result could pass without demonstrating evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

D:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

Question 847

During a regulatory readiness review at a municipal government, the IS auditor learns that red-team testing begins without agreed safety rules and permissible targets. The affected operation supports citizen service accounts and public records. Public accountability and essential service access are affected. What control exposure MOST directly explains why this observation is significant?

  1. Poor collection integrity or chain of custody can undermine forensic reliability and accountability.
  2. Security testing can miss material exposure or create uncontrolled disruption if scope, validation and remediation are weak.
  3. Facility access or environmental failure can compromise systems when protective controls and response are absent.
  4. Material attacks may go undetected or unhandled when monitoring coverage, correlation and escalation fail.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Correct. Security testing can miss material exposure or create uncontrolled disruption if scope, validation and remediation are weak. The described exception is: red-team testing begins without agreed safety rules and permissible targets. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of citizen service accounts and public records, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Poor collection integrity or chain of custody can undermine forensic reliability and accountability. That change would not implement evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

C:

Facility access or environmental failure can compromise systems when protective controls and response are absent. The evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion prerequisite remains unaddressed.

D:

Material attacks may go undetected or unhandled when monitoring coverage, correlation and escalation fail. It changes a different feature than evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

Question 848

During a regulatory readiness review at a municipal government, the IS auditor learns that red-team testing begins without agreed safety rules and permissible targets. The affected operation supports citizen service accounts and public records. Public accountability and essential service access are affected. Which evidence-gathering approach is MOST aligned with the recorded exposure?

  1. Inspect site entry records, physical boundaries, sensor alerts and tested power or environmental contingencies.
  2. Trace selected risks through framework control objectives, accountable owners, implemented safeguards and monitoring results.
  3. Trace injected or historical test events from source ingestion through detection rules, triage and escalation records.
  4. Review test authorization, representative scope, evidence, independent verification and corrective retesting of significant findings.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Correct. Review test authorization, representative scope, evidence, independent verification and corrective retesting of significant findings. The procedure directly tests the reported condition that red-team testing begins without agreed safety rules and permissible targets. A defensible IS audit conclusion requires relevant and reliable evidence from the actual control population and period.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

B:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

C:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The relevant success criterion is evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion; this measures a different function.

Question 849

During a regulatory readiness review at a municipal government, the IS auditor learns that red-team testing begins without agreed safety rules and permissible targets. The affected operation supports citizen service accounts and public records. Public accountability and essential service access are affected. Which evidence would BEST support a conclusion that the exposure has been addressed?

  1. Access sampling and observed environmental or failover tests demonstrate restricted entry and timely corrective response.
  2. Controlled detections and case reviews show significant events are logged, prioritized and escalated within approved windows.
  3. Dated custody logs and matching evidence hashes permit reproducible analysis from protected originals and controlled copies.
  4. Authorized test reports and targeted retests demonstrate critical exposures are identified, risk-rated and resolved.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Correct. Authorized test reports and targeted retests demonstrate critical exposures are identified, risk-rated and resolved. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that red-team testing begins without agreed safety rules and permissible targets. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

B:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. The relevant success criterion is evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion; this measures a different function.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. That result could pass without demonstrating evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

Question 850

During a post-incident audit at a retail marketplace, the IS auditor learns that security assessment reports only tool counts without verifying exploitability of significant findings. The affected operation supports customer checkout and order fulfillment. Customer transactions and market trust depend on effective control. Which consequence would MOST directly follow if this weakness remains unresolved?

  1. Uncoordinated response can worsen damage, jeopardize evidence or miss critical decision and communication obligations.
  2. Security testing can miss material exposure or create uncontrolled disruption if scope, validation and remediation are weak.
  3. Excessive or untraceable access can enable unauthorized transactions and defeat accountability.
  4. Poor collection integrity or chain of custody can undermine forensic reliability and accountability.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Correct. Security testing can miss material exposure or create uncontrolled disruption if scope, validation and remediation are weak. The described exception is: security assessment reports only tool counts without verifying exploitability of significant findings. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of customer checkout and order fulfillment, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Uncoordinated response can worsen damage, jeopardize evidence or miss critical decision and communication obligations. The relevant success criterion is evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion; this measures a different function.

C:

Excessive or untraceable access can enable unauthorized transactions and defeat accountability. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

D:

Poor collection integrity or chain of custody can undermine forensic reliability and accountability. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.