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Isaca CISA Bundle

Exam Code: CISA

Exam Name Certified Information Systems Auditor

Certification Provider: Isaca

Corresponding Certification: CISA

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Isaca CISA Practice Test 20

Question 190

During an outsourced-services renewal at a logistics group, the IS auditor learns that technology strategy conflicts with a formally approved business expansion objective. The affected operation supports freight tracking and fleet operations. Delivery commitments and partner data flow through this process. Which risk should the auditor treat as the PRIMARY concern arising from these facts?

  1. IT exposures may fall outside risk appetite because ownership, escalation and residual risk assessment are ineffective.
  2. Unclear data accountability or classification can lead to inaccurate decisions and inappropriate information access.
  3. Uncontrolled design divergence can generate integration, security, technical debt and strategic alignment risks.
  4. Weak governance can misalign technology decisions, accountability and risk ownership with enterprise objectives.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Correct. Weak governance can misalign technology decisions, accountability and risk ownership with enterprise objectives. The described exception is: technology strategy conflicts with a formally approved business expansion objective. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of freight tracking and fleet operations, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IT exposures may fall outside risk appetite because ownership, escalation and residual risk assessment are ineffective. The relevant success criterion is audit independence and objective reviewer judgment; this measures a different function.

B:

Unclear data accountability or classification can lead to inaccurate decisions and inappropriate information access. That result could pass without demonstrating audit independence and objective reviewer judgment.

C:

Uncontrolled design divergence can generate integration, security, technical debt and strategic alignment risks. Acceptance here depends on observing audit independence and objective reviewer judgment, not only that test.

Question 191

During an outsourced-services renewal at a logistics group, the IS auditor learns that technology strategy conflicts with a formally approved business expansion objective. The affected operation supports freight tracking and fleet operations. Delivery commitments and partner data flow through this process. What test BEST distinguishes effective control operation from an unsupported assertion?

  1. Trace a processing purpose from data inventory and notices through lawful basis, retention, processor flows and privacy impact assessment.
  2. Compare governance charters and decision rights to approvals, strategy goals, investment outcomes and board oversight records.
  3. Review architecture standards and exception decisions against the solution portfolio, integration map and target-state road map.
  4. Trace ownership, lineage and classification decisions to access, retention, quality controls and system inventories.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Correct. Compare governance charters and decision rights to approvals, strategy goals, investment outcomes and board oversight records. The procedure directly tests the reported condition that technology strategy conflicts with a formally approved business expansion objective. A defensible IS audit conclusion requires relevant and reliable evidence from the actual control population and period.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. That result could pass without demonstrating audit independence and objective reviewer judgment.

C:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. It does not establish the requested audit independence and objective reviewer judgment outcome.

D:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The relevant success criterion is audit independence and objective reviewer judgment; this measures a different function.

Question 192

During an outsourced-services renewal at a logistics group, the IS auditor learns that technology strategy conflicts with a formally approved business expansion objective. The affected operation supports freight tracking and fleet operations. Delivery commitments and partner data flow through this process. What result would best demonstrate sustained operation of the corrected control?

  1. Named risk owners, documented residual assessments and appropriately approved responses tie material exposures to the enterprise risk framework.
  2. Approved owners, consistent classifications and reconciled data lineage demonstrate critical information is governed as defined.
  3. Approved design reviews and exception tracking show new systems align with target architecture or have justified remediable deviations.
  4. Documented business sponsorship, explicit decision authority and governance reporting link IT choices to approved objectives and risk appetite.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Correct. Documented business sponsorship, explicit decision authority and governance reporting link IT choices to approved objectives and risk appetite. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that technology strategy conflicts with a formally approved business expansion objective. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. Acceptance here depends on observing audit independence and objective reviewer judgment, not only that test.

B:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. It does not establish the requested audit independence and objective reviewer judgment outcome.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. The relevant success criterion is audit independence and objective reviewer judgment; this measures a different function.

Question 193

During a routine controls assessment at a regional hospital, the IS auditor learns that an information security policy is approved but procedures for access removal are undefined. The affected operation supports patient-care scheduling and claims processing. Healthcare service continuity and protected records are at stake. Where should the audit team focus its principal finding?

  1. Personal information may be used or retained without appropriate purpose, transparency, authority and enforceable safeguards.
  2. Uncontrolled design divergence can generate integration, security, technical debt and strategic alignment risks.
  3. Inconsistent or unenforced management directives may create gaps between control intent and actual behavior.
  4. Third-party control gaps and exit dependencies can leave material obligations unowned or unverifiable.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Correct. Inconsistent or unenforced management directives may create gaps between control intent and actual behavior. The described exception is: an information security policy is approved but procedures for access removal are undefined. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of patient-care scheduling and claims processing, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Personal information may be used or retained without appropriate purpose, transparency, authority and enforceable safeguards. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

B:

Uncontrolled design divergence can generate integration, security, technical debt and strategic alignment risks. The relevant success criterion is evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion; this measures a different function.

D:

Third-party control gaps and exit dependencies can leave material obligations unowned or unverifiable. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

Question 194

During a routine controls assessment at a regional hospital, the IS auditor learns that an information security policy is approved but procedures for access removal are undefined. The affected operation supports patient-care scheduling and claims processing. Healthcare service continuity and protected records are at stake. Which substantive or control test most directly addresses the observation?

  1. Trace a sample of enterprise requirements from policy through standards, procedures, communication and exception approval.
  2. Review architecture standards and exception decisions against the solution portfolio, integration map and target-state road map.
  3. Trace ownership, lineage and classification decisions to access, retention, quality controls and system inventories.
  4. Review due diligence, contract clauses, subservice coverage, performance reviews and tested exit or transition arrangements.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Correct. Trace a sample of enterprise requirements from policy through standards, procedures, communication and exception approval. The procedure directly tests the reported condition that an information security policy is approved but procedures for access removal are undefined. A defensible IS audit conclusion requires relevant and reliable evidence from the actual control population and period.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. That result could pass without demonstrating evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

C:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

D:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

Question 195

During a routine controls assessment at a regional hospital, the IS auditor learns that an information security policy is approved but procedures for access removal are undefined. The affected operation supports patient-care scheduling and claims processing. Healthcare service continuity and protected records are at stake. What outcome would provide the STRONGEST evidence that the identified gap is resolved?

  1. Approved design reviews and exception tracking show new systems align with target architecture or have justified remediable deviations.
  2. Signed agreements and sampled service reports demonstrate required controls, escalation rights and an executable exit path.
  3. Approved purpose inventories and sampled rights requests, deletion actions and processor reviews demonstrate privacy requirements operate end to end.
  4. Version-controlled approved policies and observed procedures are consistent, accessible and supported by time-limited documented exceptions.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Correct. Version-controlled approved policies and observed procedures are consistent, accessible and supported by time-limited documented exceptions. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that an information security policy is approved but procedures for access removal are undefined. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. That result could pass without demonstrating evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

B:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

Question 196

During a payment-platform modernization at a payment clearing organization, the IS auditor learns that separate business units apply conflicting password and system hardening standards. The affected operation supports merchant settlement and reconciliation. Finance and settlement integrity depend on this operation. What control exposure MOST directly explains why this observation is significant?

  1. IT exposures may fall outside risk appetite because ownership, escalation and residual risk assessment are ineffective.
  2. Misleading or poorly governed measures can conceal material service risk and distort decisions.
  3. Personal information may be used or retained without appropriate purpose, transparency, authority and enforceable safeguards.
  4. Inconsistent or unenforced management directives may create gaps between control intent and actual behavior.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Correct. Inconsistent or unenforced management directives may create gaps between control intent and actual behavior. The described exception is: separate business units apply conflicting password and system hardening standards. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of merchant settlement and reconciliation, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IT exposures may fall outside risk appetite because ownership, escalation and residual risk assessment are ineffective. The configuration must instead establish audit independence and objective reviewer judgment.

B:

Misleading or poorly governed measures can conceal material service risk and distort decisions. The audit independence and objective reviewer judgment prerequisite remains unaddressed.

C:

Personal information may be used or retained without appropriate purpose, transparency, authority and enforceable safeguards. It changes a different feature than audit independence and objective reviewer judgment.

Question 197

During a payment-platform modernization at a payment clearing organization, the IS auditor learns that separate business units apply conflicting password and system hardening standards. The affected operation supports merchant settlement and reconciliation. Finance and settlement integrity depend on this operation. Which evidence-gathering approach is MOST aligned with the recorded exposure?

  1. Trace ownership, lineage and classification decisions to access, retention, quality controls and system inventories.
  2. Trace measures to service objectives, definitions, source data, thresholds and escalation actions; independently recalculate samples.
  3. Trace technology risk scenarios through impact assessment, owner assignment, controls, acceptance authority and board reporting.
  4. Trace a sample of enterprise requirements from policy through standards, procedures, communication and exception approval.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Correct. Trace a sample of enterprise requirements from policy through standards, procedures, communication and exception approval. The procedure directly tests the reported condition that separate business units apply conflicting password and system hardening standards. A defensible IS audit conclusion requires relevant and reliable evidence from the actual control population and period.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. It does not establish the requested audit independence and objective reviewer judgment outcome.

B:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The relevant success criterion is audit independence and objective reviewer judgment; this measures a different function.

C:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. That result could pass without demonstrating audit independence and objective reviewer judgment.

Question 198

During a payment-platform modernization at a payment clearing organization, the IS auditor learns that separate business units apply conflicting password and system hardening standards. The affected operation supports merchant settlement and reconciliation. Finance and settlement integrity depend on this operation. Which evidence would BEST support a conclusion that the exposure has been addressed?

  1. Approved purpose inventories and sampled rights requests, deletion actions and processor reviews demonstrate privacy requirements operate end to end.
  2. Validated KPIs and KRIs show business outcomes, breached thresholds and accountable corrective decisions, not activity counts alone.
  3. Named risk owners, documented residual assessments and appropriately approved responses tie material exposures to the enterprise risk framework.
  4. Version-controlled approved policies and observed procedures are consistent, accessible and supported by time-limited documented exceptions.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Correct. Version-controlled approved policies and observed procedures are consistent, accessible and supported by time-limited documented exceptions. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that separate business units apply conflicting password and system hardening standards. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. The relevant success criterion is audit independence and objective reviewer judgment; this measures a different function.

B:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. That result could pass without demonstrating audit independence and objective reviewer judgment.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. Acceptance here depends on observing audit independence and objective reviewer judgment, not only that test.

Question 199

During a regulatory readiness review at a municipal government, the IS auditor learns that a new cloud operating procedure contradicts the published enterprise policy. The affected operation supports citizen service accounts and public records. Public accountability and essential service access are affected. Which consequence would MOST directly follow if this weakness remains unresolved?

  1. Inconsistent or unenforced management directives may create gaps between control intent and actual behavior.
  2. Insufficient or misallocated people, budget and technical capacity may leave essential services unsustainable.
  3. Uncontrolled design divergence can generate integration, security, technical debt and strategic alignment risks.
  4. Personal information may be used or retained without appropriate purpose, transparency, authority and enforceable safeguards.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Correct. Inconsistent or unenforced management directives may create gaps between control intent and actual behavior. The described exception is: a new cloud operating procedure contradicts the published enterprise policy. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of citizen service accounts and public records, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Insufficient or misallocated people, budget and technical capacity may leave essential services unsustainable. The configuration must instead establish evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

C:

Uncontrolled design divergence can generate integration, security, technical debt and strategic alignment risks. The evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion prerequisite remains unaddressed.

D:

Personal information may be used or retained without appropriate purpose, transparency, authority and enforceable safeguards. It changes a different feature than evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

Question 200

During a regulatory readiness review at a municipal government, the IS auditor learns that a new cloud operating procedure contradicts the published enterprise policy. The affected operation supports citizen service accounts and public records. Public accountability and essential service access are affected. Which audit procedure would provide the MOST DIRECT evidence about this control?

  1. Compare funded capacity and skills inventories against service criticality, staffing resilience and the approved portfolio plan.
  2. Trace a sample of enterprise requirements from policy through standards, procedures, communication and exception approval.
  3. Review architecture standards and exception decisions against the solution portfolio, integration map and target-state road map.
  4. Trace ownership, lineage and classification decisions to access, retention, quality controls and system inventories.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Correct. Trace a sample of enterprise requirements from policy through standards, procedures, communication and exception approval. The procedure directly tests the reported condition that a new cloud operating procedure contradicts the published enterprise policy. A defensible IS audit conclusion requires relevant and reliable evidence from the actual control population and period.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

C:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The relevant success criterion is evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion; this measures a different function.

D:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. That result could pass without demonstrating evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.