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Isaca CISA Bundle

Exam Code: CISA

Exam Name Certified Information Systems Auditor

Certification Provider: Isaca

Corresponding Certification: CISA

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Isaca CISA Practice Test 55

Question 540

During a routine controls assessment at a regional hospital, the IS auditor learns that a database change is installed without reviewing its impact on dependent applications. The affected operation supports patient-care scheduling and claims processing. Healthcare service continuity and protected records are at stake. What would an auditor MOST want to see before accepting the issue as remediated?

  1. Approved change histories and representative patch verification show changes are controlled and critical exposure is addressed.
  2. Agreed, auditable service metrics and documented breach handling confirm relevant user outcomes are monitored and governed.
  3. Audited database changes, validated constraints and successful consistent restores support data accuracy and traceability.
  4. Observed exercises show accountable teams can activate workable alternate operations and communicate within approved thresholds.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Correct. Approved change histories and representative patch verification show changes are controlled and critical exposure is addressed. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that a database change is installed without reviewing its impact on dependent applications. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. The evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion prerequisite remains unaddressed.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. It changes a different feature than evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

D:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. That change would not implement evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

Question 541

During a payment-platform modernization at a payment clearing organization, the IS auditor learns that a critical security patch remains deferred without approved residual risk or compensating controls. The affected operation supports merchant settlement and reconciliation. Finance and settlement integrity depend on this operation. What is the MOST defensible risk conclusion from the observed condition?

  1. Unapproved or poorly tested changes can disrupt services or leave known vulnerabilities without accountable treatment.
  2. Missing or manipulable logs can prevent detection, accountability and reconstruction of material events.
  3. Correlated dependencies and insufficient headroom can defeat assumed availability during disruption.
  4. Weak database controls can undermine transactional integrity, accountability and recoverability.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Correct. Unapproved or poorly tested changes can disrupt services or leave known vulnerabilities without accountable treatment. The described exception is: a critical security patch remains deferred without approved residual risk or compensating controls. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of merchant settlement and reconciliation, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Missing or manipulable logs can prevent detection, accountability and reconstruction of material events. The relevant success criterion is evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion; this measures a different function.

C:

Correlated dependencies and insufficient headroom can defeat assumed availability during disruption. That result could pass without demonstrating evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

D:

Weak database controls can undermine transactional integrity, accountability and recoverability. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

Question 542

During a payment-platform modernization at a payment clearing organization, the IS auditor learns that a critical security patch remains deferred without approved residual risk or compensating controls. The affected operation supports merchant settlement and reconciliation. Finance and settlement integrity depend on this operation. Which fieldwork step should the auditor prioritize to test the issue?

  1. Interview process owners, quantify outage and data-loss impacts and map dependencies to justified RTO and RPO tiers.
  2. Sample change and patch events against approvals, risk assessments, baseline updates, testing and rollback records.
  3. Map end-to-end failure domains and execute approved component or zone-loss scenarios against service objectives.
  4. Check source generation, clock synchronization, forwarding, access restrictions and retention with traceable test events.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Correct. Sample change and patch events against approvals, risk assessments, baseline updates, testing and rollback records. The procedure directly tests the reported condition that a critical security patch remains deferred without approved residual risk or compensating controls. A defensible IS audit conclusion requires relevant and reliable evidence from the actual control population and period.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The relevant success criterion is evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion; this measures a different function.

C:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

D:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

Question 543

During a payment-platform modernization at a payment clearing organization, the IS auditor learns that a critical security patch remains deferred without approved residual risk or compensating controls. The affected operation supports merchant settlement and reconciliation. Finance and settlement integrity depend on this operation. Which observed evidence is MOST persuasive for a controlled audit follow-up?

  1. Fault injection and measured failover show essential transactions continue or recover inside agreed tolerances.
  2. Approved change histories and representative patch verification show changes are controlled and critical exposure is addressed.
  3. Audited database changes, validated constraints and successful consistent restores support data accuracy and traceability.
  4. Protected time-synchronized records and forwarding-health alerts reproduce the expected event trail across the retention window.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Correct. Approved change histories and representative patch verification show changes are controlled and critical exposure is addressed. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that a critical security patch remains deferred without approved residual risk or compensating controls. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. That result could pass without demonstrating evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

D:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. The relevant success criterion is evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion; this measures a different function.

Question 544

During a regulatory readiness review at a municipal government, the IS auditor learns that a network rule is altered manually with no change record or peer review. The affected operation supports citizen service accounts and public records. Public accountability and essential service access are affected. Which risk statement is BEST supported by the recorded exception?

  1. Unapproved or poorly tested changes can disrupt services or leave known vulnerabilities without accountable treatment.
  2. Successful backup jobs may not provide usable, secure or timely recovery under realistic failures or attacks.
  3. Service measures that omit consumer outcomes or lack reliable calculation can conceal contractual and operational failures.
  4. Weak database controls can undermine transactional integrity, accountability and recoverability.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Correct. Unapproved or poorly tested changes can disrupt services or leave known vulnerabilities without accountable treatment. The described exception is: a network rule is altered manually with no change record or peer review. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of citizen service accounts and public records, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Successful backup jobs may not provide usable, secure or timely recovery under realistic failures or attacks. That protection can exist while evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion is still missing.

C:

Service measures that omit consumer outcomes or lack reliable calculation can conceal contractual and operational failures. It protects a different risk than the evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion requirement.

D:

Weak database controls can undermine transactional integrity, accountability and recoverability. It does not retain the evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion control over time.

Question 545

During a regulatory readiness review at a municipal government, the IS auditor learns that a network rule is altered manually with no change record or peer review. The affected operation supports citizen service accounts and public records. Public accountability and essential service access are affected. During fieldwork, what is the BEST focused test of this condition?

  1. Review SLA definitions, responsibilities and exclusions; independently reproduce reported outcomes from transaction or ticket evidence.
  2. Inspect backup coverage, isolation, retention and periodic end-to-end restores against business RPO and RTO requirements.
  3. Sample change and patch events against approvals, risk assessments, baseline updates, testing and rollback records.
  4. Interview process owners, quantify outage and data-loss impacts and map dependencies to justified RTO and RPO tiers.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Correct. Sample change and patch events against approvals, risk assessments, baseline updates, testing and rollback records. The procedure directly tests the reported condition that a network rule is altered manually with no change record or peer review. A defensible IS audit conclusion requires relevant and reliable evidence from the actual control population and period.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion prerequisite remains unaddressed.

B:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. It changes a different feature than evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

D:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The configuration must instead establish evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

Question 546

During a regulatory readiness review at a municipal government, the IS auditor learns that a network rule is altered manually with no change record or peer review. The affected operation supports citizen service accounts and public records. Public accountability and essential service access are affected. Management states that remediation is complete. Which evidence BEST supports closing this issue?

  1. Approved change histories and representative patch verification show changes are controlled and critical exposure is addressed.
  2. Audited database changes, validated constraints and successful consistent restores support data accuracy and traceability.
  3. Agreed, auditable service metrics and documented breach handling confirm relevant user outcomes are monitored and governed.
  4. Recorded restore exercises recover consistent business transactions from protected copies within approved time and loss limits.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Correct. Approved change histories and representative patch verification show changes are controlled and critical exposure is addressed. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that a network rule is altered manually with no change record or peer review. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. That result could pass without demonstrating evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

D:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

Question 547

During a post-incident audit at a retail marketplace, the IS auditor learns that configuration item relationships are not updated after a major migration. The affected operation supports customer checkout and order fulfillment. Customer transactions and market trust depend on effective control. Which risk should the auditor treat as the PRIMARY concern arising from these facts?

  1. Continuity plans may be unusable under actual disruption because people, procedures and dependencies were not rehearsed.
  2. Missing or manipulable logs can prevent detection, accountability and reconstruction of material events.
  3. Unapproved or poorly tested changes can disrupt services or leave known vulnerabilities without accountable treatment.
  4. Weak database controls can undermine transactional integrity, accountability and recoverability.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Correct. Unapproved or poorly tested changes can disrupt services or leave known vulnerabilities without accountable treatment. The described exception is: configuration item relationships are not updated after a major migration. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of customer checkout and order fulfillment, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Continuity plans may be unusable under actual disruption because people, procedures and dependencies were not rehearsed. It does not retain the evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion control over time.

B:

Missing or manipulable logs can prevent detection, accountability and reconstruction of material events. Recurrence here depends on evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not this safeguard.

D:

Weak database controls can undermine transactional integrity, accountability and recoverability. It protects a different risk than the evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion requirement.

Question 548

During a post-incident audit at a retail marketplace, the IS auditor learns that configuration item relationships are not updated after a major migration. The affected operation supports customer checkout and order fulfillment. Customer transactions and market trust depend on effective control. What test BEST distinguishes effective control operation from an unsupported assertion?

  1. Interview process owners, quantify outage and data-loss impacts and map dependencies to justified RTO and RPO tiers.
  2. Check source generation, clock synchronization, forwarding, access restrictions and retention with traceable test events.
  3. Sample change and patch events against approvals, risk assessments, baseline updates, testing and rollback records.
  4. Review plan currency, contact paths, alternate processes and cross-party exercises with measurable success criteria.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Correct. Sample change and patch events against approvals, risk assessments, baseline updates, testing and rollback records. The procedure directly tests the reported condition that configuration item relationships are not updated after a major migration. A defensible IS audit conclusion requires relevant and reliable evidence from the actual control population and period.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The configuration must instead establish evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

B:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. The evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion prerequisite remains unaddressed.

D:

Not the most direct fieldwork procedure for these facts. That change would not implement evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

Question 549

During a post-incident audit at a retail marketplace, the IS auditor learns that configuration item relationships are not updated after a major migration. The affected operation supports customer checkout and order fulfillment. Customer transactions and market trust depend on effective control. What result would best demonstrate sustained operation of the corrected control?

  1. Audited database changes, validated constraints and successful consistent restores support data accuracy and traceability.
  2. Approved change histories and representative patch verification show changes are controlled and critical exposure is addressed.
  3. Observed exercises show accountable teams can activate workable alternate operations and communicate within approved thresholds.
  4. Protected time-synchronized records and forwarding-health alerts reproduce the expected event trail across the retention window.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Correct. Approved change histories and representative patch verification show changes are controlled and critical exposure is addressed. This is stronger than a manager's verbal assurance because it can be checked against the observed issue that configuration item relationships are not updated after a major migration. The reviewer must verify the remediation period and scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. It does not establish the requested evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion outcome.

C:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. That result could pass without demonstrating evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

D:

Not the strongest closure evidence for this case. Acceptance here depends on observing evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion, not only that test.

Question 550

During an outsourced-services renewal at a logistics group, the IS auditor learns that a failed application patch is retried without validating the rollback state. The affected operation supports freight tracking and fleet operations. Delivery commitments and partner data flow through this process. Where should the audit team focus its principal finding?

  1. Service measures that omit consumer outcomes or lack reliable calculation can conceal contractual and operational failures.
  2. Unapproved or poorly tested changes can disrupt services or leave known vulnerabilities without accountable treatment.
  3. Correlated dependencies and insufficient headroom can defeat assumed availability during disruption.
  4. Weak database controls can undermine transactional integrity, accountability and recoverability.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Correct. Unapproved or poorly tested changes can disrupt services or leave known vulnerabilities without accountable treatment. The described exception is: a failed application patch is retried without validating the rollback state. This risk ties the observation to the business significance of freight tracking and fleet operations, rather than treating management's claim as independent assurance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Service measures that omit consumer outcomes or lack reliable calculation can conceal contractual and operational failures. It changes a different feature than evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

C:

Correlated dependencies and insufficient headroom can defeat assumed availability during disruption. The configuration must instead establish evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion.

D:

Weak database controls can undermine transactional integrity, accountability and recoverability. The evidence appropriate to the audit conclusion prerequisite remains unaddressed.